| Xinjiang is a representative of China's arid and resource-based regions,covering about one-sixth of the country's land area,but desert covers about 45% of the country's total area.Drought,water shortage,lack of natural ecological resources,ecological environment is extremely fragile.It is also a province rich in natural resources,and its reserves of coal,oil,natural gas and various kinds of mineral resources all rank among the top in China.However,these two characteristics greatly restrict the economic development of Xinjiang,resulting in unbalanced regional development,mineral exhaustion,restricting the scale of industrial development,ecological and environmental damage and other consequences.In order to solve these problems pertinently,this paper takes the comprehensive,industrial and agricultural panel data of 14 prefectures in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2015 as the sample.,and the super efficiency DEA model method is adopted to select resource consumption and environmental pollution as input indicators and economic value as output indicators to construct the ecological efficiency evaluation index system.The spatial and temporal distribution and change characteristics of comprehensive,industrial and agricultural eco-efficiency were continuously and comprehensively measured and analyzed from the provincial level,regional level and prefectural level;Malmquist index was used to analyze the dynamic changes of such important indexes as total factor ecological efficiency,pure technical efficiency,technical efficiency and scale efficiency,as well as the promotion and restriction mechanism of ecological efficiency;The causes of ecological efficiency loss are analyzed from the perspective of input-output redundancy and improvement approaches are proposed.;Tobit model was used to study the influencing factors of ecological efficiency and explore the mechanism of each factor on ecological efficiency.;Finally,according to the results of the above demonstration and analysis,the paper puts forward targeted strategies for improving ecological efficiency,so as to provide a basis for ecological civilization construction and green and sustainable development in xinjiang.The specific conclusions are as follows.1.Studying the agricultural eco-efficiency of xinjiang,we can get:(1)Compared with other provinces in China,agricultural ecological efficiency is low.Compared with other provinces in China,the agricultural ecological efficiency of Xinjiang is 0.67,ranking 28 th in China,three times lower than that of Hainan.Even compared with the five provinces in northwest China,Xinjiang is still in a backward position,indicating that the overall agricultural ecological efficiency of Xinjiang is still low and backward in China(2)Uneven spatial distribution.Through comparison between 14 province shows that the highest ecological efficiency value is up to 3.682,the lowest was 0.713,there is a difference of 5.16 times,compared 15 years in a row,the average value of agriculture ecological efficiency of northern Xinjiang,eastern Xinjiang,and southern Xinjiang were 1.30?1.39?1.07,all of which achieve efficient production frontier,the east is greater than the northern Xinjiang and the southern Xinjiang,there are obvious differences.The results show that the spatial distribution of agricultural development among regions is unbalanced.(3)From the time series analysis from 2001 to 2015,although there are small fluctuations in Xinjiang agricultural ecological efficiency,the overall showed a trend of rising year by year,from the "15" to "11th five-year plan" to "twelfth five-year",from the invalid state to effective ecological agriculture ecological efficiency frontier,show that over the years by itself in developing adjustment,and with the help of the central work in Xinjiang symposium and the provinces and cities such as the national support policy,with three five-year plans to gradually achieve the economic growth of agricultural production and resource saving and environmental protection coordinated development.(4)Through Malmquist index decomposition analysis,it was found that the technology progress index contributed the most to the improvement of agricultural ecological efficiency and was the promoting factor for the improvement of agricultural production efficiency.Technical efficiency change index,pure technical efficiency change index and scale efficiency change index restrict agricultural eco-efficiency.Therefore,the key to improving agricultural ecological efficiency is to strengthen agricultural technology research and support and promotion.Secondly,it is necessary to improve the application level of agricultural technology,control the scale of input,reduce the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides,and reduce the waste of resources(5)From the analysis of input-output redundancy,it can be seen that the reason for the loss of agricultural ecological efficiency in Xinjiang is not the lack of agricultural output,but the excessive consumption of resources and excessive discharge of environmental pollutants.From the perspective of the average redundancy rate,the main influencing factors causing the loss of agricultural ecological efficiency are: COD emissions,effective irrigation area,ammonia nitrogen emissions,sown area and the number of rural labor force.(6)From the influence factors analysis,agricultural industrial structure,the per capita GDP,the level of financial support agriculture and agricultural ecological efficiency was significantly positively related to relationship,promoting effect to the agricultural ecological efficiency,and development level of industrialization,the density of machinery and agricultural ecological efficiency was significantly negative relationship,have inhibitory effect on agricultural ecological efficiency.Therefore,all regions should adjust the structure of agricultural industry,increase financial support for agriculture,increase farmers' income and other aspects to promote the rational allocation of resources and improve agricultural ecological efficiency.2.Studying the industrial ecological efficiency of xinjiang,we can get:(1)Compared with other provinces in China,the level of industrial ecological efficiency is low.Xinjiang industrial ecological efficiency is 0.73,ranking among the 28,6.08 times differ from Hainan,differ with average 1.77 times,compared with the northwest five provinces,is located before Gansu,Ningxia,and Shanxi Province,but in the country is still in the backward position,show that the overall efficiency of industrial ecology is still low.(2)The spatial distribution is unbalanced.Compare 14 province comprehensive technical efficiency value,the highest is 8.97,and the lowest was 0.59,15.2 times the average of 1.86,compared 15 years in a row in northern,eastern Xinjiang,and southern Xinjiang,the average value of agriculture ecological efficiency were 2.04,2.85,1.21,all achieve efficient production frontier,east is greater than the northern Xinjiang and the southern Xinjiang,there are obvious differences.It shows that there is imbalance in the development of industrial economy between regions.(3)According to the analysis of the change trend of time series,from 2001 to 2015,the overall industrial ecological efficiency in Xinjiang showed a fluctuating upward trend;The ecological efficiency has been rising steadily from 0.75 during the 11 th five-year plan period to 1.00 during the 12 th five-year plan period and then to 1.08 during the 13 th five-year plan period.Especially since the end of the 11 th five-year plan period in 2010,the ecological efficiency has been stable above 1 and maintained at the frontier of effective production.(4)According to the comparative analysis of the super-efficiency DEA model and CCR model,the ecological efficiency value calculated and measured by the super-efficiency DEA model is more accurate,and it can continue to be accurately measured after reaching the effective production frontier with a value greater than 1.00,which is conducive to the quantitative analysis of regional ranking and gap.(5)Through the Malmquist index decomposition analysis,it is found that the technology progress index is the leading factor restricting the change trend of total factor productivity,and the technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency index are the promoting factors.It indicates that the application level of industrial technology in Xinjiang has been growing,while the introduction and research and development of industrial technology are not enough,which need to be strengthened.(6)According to the analysis of input-output redundancy,the main influencing factors causing the loss of ecological efficiency are: industrial sulfur dioxide emissions,industrial nitrogen oxides emissions,industrial waste gas emissions,industrial electricity consumption and industrial water consumption.It can be seen that the region's air pollutants around the discharge of serious excess problems.(7)From the analysis of influencing factors,the level of industrial development,scientific and technological innovation,industrial structure and environmental planning are positively correlated with the industrial eco-efficiency,which promotes the industrial eco-efficiency,while the opening up and industrial agglomeration are negatively correlated with the industrial eco-efficiency,which inhibits the industrial eco-efficiency.Therefore,to improve the ecological efficiency of industry,we need to further improve the level of industrial development;improve the level of technology research and development and promotion of industrial enterprises;strengthening environmental planning and management of environmental protection;be cautious in introducing foreign investment.3.Studying the comprehensive ecological efficiency of xinjiang,we can get:(1)Compared with other provinces in China,the level of ecological efficiency in Xinjiang is low and the allocation of resources is unreasonable.The comprehensive ecological efficiency of Xinjiang ranks 31 st in China,which is only 0.5622,nearly double the average value and 4.32 times different from the first place of Beijing,indicating that the comprehensive ecological efficiency of Xinjiang is still very low.In terms of the structure of ecological efficiency into resource efficiency and environmental efficiency,the ranking of resource efficiency is 30 th in China,which is still very low.However,the ranking of environmental efficiency has increased to 22 nd in China,which is an improvement of 9 places.It shows that the low ecological efficiency in Xinjiang is mainly caused by the low efficiency of resources,the unreasonable allocation of resources,the large consumption of resources.The high consumption of energy is still the characteristics and status quo of economic development of Xinjiang.(2)Uneven spatial distribution.The values of ecological efficiency in northern Xinjiang,eastern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang were 1.61,1.16 and 0.81 respectively.Compared with the 14 prefectural cities,the highest ecological efficiency is 4.19 and the lowest is 0.48,with a difference of 8.71 times between the two.There is a big difference in the regional ecological efficiency.Among the 14 prefectural cities,only Karamay city and Turpan city have an ecological efficiency value greater than 1,reaching the effective frontier,and the overall ecological efficiency value is low.(3)Time change analysis shows that from 2001 to 2015,the ecological efficiency of Xinjiang continued to fluctuate and eventually increased by 5.7%.From the analysis of the changes in the three five-year plans,the ecological efficiency increased from 0.9881 in the tenth five-year plan period to 1.0638 in the eleventh five-year plan period and 1.0643 in the twelfth five-year plan period.(4)The ecological efficiency is decomposed into the analysis of resource efficiency and environmental efficiency.According to the difference combination of resource efficiency and environmental efficiency,the development modes of each region in Xinjiang can be divided into four types: low energy consumption and low emission mode;high energy consumption and low emission mode;low energy consumption and high emission mode and high energy consumption and high emission mode.(5)Through Malmquist index decomposition analysis,it is found that the technology progress index is the main influencing and restricting factor of ecological efficiency;The comprehensive technical efficiency index,pure technical efficiency index and scale efficiency index play a certain role in promoting the ecological efficiency.Therefore,further strengthening the introduction and research and development of new technologies is the key to improve ecological efficiency.(6)According to the analysis of input-output redundancy,the main reason for the loss of ecological efficiency is not the lack of output,but the excessive consumption of resources and excessive discharge of environmental pollutants.The main influencing factors causing ecological efficiency loss are COD emission,ammonia nitrogen emission,water resource input and labor force input.It can be seen that the total amount of water used and the total amount of drainage in all regions of the region are seriously excessive,and saving water resources in arid areas is a fundamental problem,so it is urgent to improve the allocation and utilization of water resources in the next step.(7)According to the analysis of influencing factors,the utilization of foreign capital,urbanization rate,average education level and proportion of tertiary industry are positively correlated with ecological efficiency,while environmental policy and marketization degree are negatively correlated with ecological efficiency.Therefore,in the future,to further improve the ecological efficiency of Xinjiang and ensure the coordinated and sustainable development of environment,economy and society,it is necessary to strengthen the construction of urbanization.Second,to further strengthen the level of scientific and technological research and application;Third,adjust environmental protection policies to make them more targeted and effective.Fourth,strengthen the management of non-public enterprises;Fifth,we will encourage foreign investment that is conducive to the sustainable development of Xinjiang.Sixth,we will adjust and optimize the industrial structure and gradually increase the proportion of the tertiary industry.4.Studying on the strategy of improving ecological efficiency in xinjiang,we can get:Based on the ecological efficiency,on the basis of empirical research,combine the comprehensive ecological efficiency,agricultural ecological efficiency,problems exist in the research of industrial ecological efficiency,and the positive adjustment of industrial structure,promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure transformation of the pattern of economic development,promote economic restructuring,improve the quality of economic,scientific and technological innovation,the introduction of new technology,utilization of foreign capital,improve the quality of foreign capital,to strengthen environmental planning and environmental protection management five aspects discusses the several ways of Xinjiang ecological efficiency and solution,"sky blue to green water" to promote the construction of "big beauty" in Xinjiang to provide important basis and guidance. |
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