Under Carbon Emission Reduction Policies Consider Price And Quantity Competition In Supply Chain Decision

Since the industrial revolution represented by the widespread use of steam engine,fossil fuels such as coal,oil,natural gas have been widely used as the foundational resource.While provid-ing great impetus and welfares for human production and life,they also bring huge environ-mental problem,carbon dioxide（CO₂）as the representative of greenhouse gas emissions.This problem has seriously affected the decision-making of traditional energy,power,petrochemi-cal and other carbon-dependent enterprises and their supply chains.Meanwhile,with the in-creasing awareness of environmental protection,green living and low-carbon consumption have become a new style.More and more enterprises and their supply chain decision makers realized that reduction of carbon dioxide emissions,consumers green consumption utility should be brought into the enterprise and supply chain decisions,can not only satisfy the needs of the consumers,but also obtain larger than its rivals competitive advantage.Based on these,the paper will put consumer’s consumption utility into a research framework,research carbon cap,carbon tax and carbon cap and trade policy under the enterprises in the specific market and their supply chain decision-making problem.First of all,the paper studied two oligarchic enterprises decisions under the constraint of car-bon emission reduction policies including carbon cap,carbon cap and trade and carbon tax.Research shows:（1）three kinds of carbon emission reduction policies under the restriction of oligopoly competition in the market,pricing and quantities decisions exist equilibrium solu-tion.（2）the optimal decisions of two oligarchic enterprises under the carbon cap policy are affected by the limited capacity,coefficient of carbon emissions per unit product and price competition;The optimal decisions of two oligarchic enterprises under the carbon cap and trade policy are influenced by the carbon emission and competition coefficient of the produc-tion capacity unit product after the carbon emission trading.The optimal decisions of two oligarchic enterprises under the carbon tax policy are affected by the cost of the product com-petition coefficient of carbon emissions and carbon tax rate per unit product effect.（3）further research shows that for general market,the government allows carbon emissions permit in the internal trade to make the supply and demand and the society gain optimal profit;For certain strong competitive markets,the effective external trading policy of the government’s t will make the best profit for the supply chain and the whole society.The perspective of energy conservation and emission reduction,the carbon tax policy is more benefit enterprises to pro-mote low-carbon technologies by oligopolies.Second,researched three kinds of carbon emissions policy in the two supply chain decision-making.The results shows that:（1）three kinds of carbon reduction policy in the competition two supply chain,exist the equilibrium pricing and quantities decisions;（2）the optimal deci-sions under the carbon cap policy are affected by competition coefficient,product capacity and unit carbon emission;The optimal decisions under the carbon cap and trade policy are affected by product capacity with carbon trade,the competition coefficient and unit carbon emission;the optimal decisions under the carbon tax policy are affected by the cost of the product competition coefficient,per unit carbon emissions and carbon tax rate.（3）further re-search shows that,under the environment of supply chain,for the government,for general market,the carbon cap and trade policy is better than the carbon tax policy,loss of profit of the supply chain is smaller and the social welfare is more;For certain strong competitive mar-kets,carbon tax policy has more advantages than carbon emission reduction policies.The profit loss of supply chain is smaller and social welfare is larger.Again,put consumer utility into a research framework.the two oligarchs decision-making under the three kinds of carbon emission reduction policies shows:（1）When the two oli-garches competition in the market under the carbon cap and carbon tax,and carbon cap and trade policy in the market,the external trade,pricing and quantities decisions exists equilib-rium solution,but not the only,and not to limit carbon emissions internal trading.（2）The two oligarches optimal decisions under the carbon cap policy are affected by unit product carbon emissions,consumer preference and preference cost;The two oligarches optimal decision un-der the carbon cap and trade policy are affected by the production capacity,unit product carbon emission and the external trading.（3）Further research shows that,it is precisely because the existence of low carbon preference of consumers,for the government,external trade of carbon emission makes enterprises and the whole society gain the benefits,which should be the first choice of the government’s carbon emission reduction policy.Finally,the basis of the fourth chapter,the research expand a market is composed of two supply chains competition,consumer utility is studied the two supply chain decision-making in three kinds of carbon emission reduction policies.The research shows:（1）the two supply chain under three kinds of carbon reduction policy in the market,exist the equilibrium.（2）the opti-mal decision under the carbon cap policy are affected by the product capacity,unit product carbon emissions,consumer preference and preferences cost impact;The optimal decision under the carbon cap and trade policy are influenced by the consumer preference,preference cost,unit product emission and production capacity with trade.The optimal decision under the carbon tax policy is influenced by the preference of consumers,preference cost,unit prod-uct emission and carbon emission tax rate.（3）Further research shows that,in the supply chain environment,it is precisely because the existence of low carbon preference of consumers,for the government,carbon cap and carbon cap and trade make policy make supply chain and the whole society gain the benefits.The government should actively create a green and low-carbon life for the whole people,strengthen the publicity and guidance of consumers’environmental awareness,and guide consumers’green consumption,which can not only achieve the goal of reducing carbon emission,but also maximize social welfare.Generally,from the above research,the three kinds of carbon reduction emission policy,the carbon cap,carbon tax and carbon cap and trade can be used for traditional energy sources,electric power（thermal power）,petroleum,chemical industry and so on,or specific market has a great influence enterprise and supply chain decisions.According to the specific market segments in different industries make different carbon reduction policy,the government will be conducive to the promotion of social welfare maximization and low-carbon technologies.Meanwhile,enterprises and supply chain decision makers will be more willing to take the initiative to implement carbon emission reduction in the face of price-quantity competition,the self-regulation of market mechanism.And in which the consumer utility is the satisfaction degree of the consumers to purchase products affect enterprises and supply chain decision making.The consumers’preference of low carbon product is stronger,the enterprise and sup-ply chain services target consumption group consciousness is stronger.The active implemen-tation of carbon reduction and the use of low-carbon technologies production intend.The re-search conclusion of the paper can provide certain guidance for enterprises and their supply chains in the key markets of traditional energy,power,petroleum and chemical industry,etc.,as well as provide certain reference for the formulation of government carbon emission reduc-tion policies.