Quality Evaluation Of Different Angelica Varieties By Metabonomics, Drying Mechanism Of Balanced Dehydrationand Technology And Its Optimization For Angelica

Radix Angelicae Sinensis,the root of Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels,known as Danggui in China,is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines.In view of the present evaluation of angelica new varieties to cultivating agronomy traits(such as growth,resistance,yield,disease resistance,etc.),inner quality such as volatile oil content,ferulic acid content of different varieties of angelica from a few indicators evaluation and efficacy material base and the law of material metabolic changes in the process of quality formation of less;Authentic region planting area and collecting focus of angelica,traditional drying methods there is a small and scattered,backward technology and equipment,drying process is difficult to control,drying cycle is long,often cause medicinal materials of sexual flavour deterioration,loss of active ingredient(especially the medicinal active ingredients),and a reduction in medication safety and effectiveness,and the processing time consuming power,easy cause environmental pollution;Whether to introduce balance dehydration technology apply in the angelica herbs drying,quality evaluation was carried out by different angelica varieties,angelica drying methods of screening,balance drying kinetics and process optimization research,aiming to angelica region of origin dry processing the introduction and promotion of new technology,realization of ASR medicinal material production "optimal shape","high quality",finally realizes "excellent efficiency" to provide the scientific basis.Also the base of Chinese traditional medicine in order to promote the authentic region,scale,intensive,mechanization,intelligence,integration is of great significance.This work aimed at the current selection of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and the practical problems faced by the drying of medicinal materials,mainly evaluated quality varieties of,the selection of drying methods of angelica sinensis,the equilibrium dehydration drying kinetics of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and the optimization of the equilibrium dehydration drying process of Radix Angelicae Sinensis,and so on.The following results were achieved:1 Mingui No.1(MG1),Mingui No.2(MG2),Mingui No.4(MG4),Mingui No.5(MG5)and Mingui No.6(MG6)were used to evaluate the quality of different varieties according to pharmacopoeia.GC-MS and UPLC/Q-TOF MS techniques were used to metabolize different varieties of ASR omics synthesis analysis.The appearance characters showed that the MG2 stem was green and the other varieties were purple;the color of surface and section was MG6、MG2、MG4、MG5,MG1 in order from deep to shallow;the number of branches and roots was the most MG6 and the MG4 was the least;the MG1 、MG5 and MG6 smelledstronger than other varieties.Microstructure showed that MG1 starch grains were the most,followed by MG5;MG5 and MG6 oil chamber fragments were more;MG1、4、6 ducts were radially arranged,but MG2、MG5 ducts were concentrated in the middle;the ratio of phloem to xylem was 50% above,the ratio of MG2 and MG5 is less than 50%;the average size of wood radiographs is MG4(141.47μm)>MG6(102.61μm),(85.99μm)>MG6,MG2(29.66μm)and MG5(29.76μm);the MG2 and MG5 fissures are more than other groups.The results showed that the contents of alcohol-soluble extracts and volatile oils in MG1 and MG6 were significantly higher than those in other varieties,and the contents of ferulic acid and phenylpeptide were significantly different(P<0.05),and the contents of organic acid and phenylpeptide in MG5 and MG1 were significantly different,respectively 51.75% and48.39% higher than MG4.The PCA results showed that the comprehensive scores of alcohol-soluble extract,volatile oil extraction rate,ferulic acid and active components of 7phenyl peptides were MG1>MG4>MG6>MG2>MG5.The UPLC/Q-TOF MS results showed that the metabolites of five ASR varieties were significantly different(P<0.05),and the contents of chlorogenic acid,ferulic acid,tryptophan and ferulic acid in MG2、MG4、MG5and MG6 were significantly lower than those of MG1(P<0.05),while the contents ofolactone,coumarin,oxigoside,palmitin,protocatechuic acid and linolenic acid were significantly higher than those of MG1.MG2 the metabolites in 5 and MG6 are similar,and the metabolites in MG4 are quite different.in addition,38 significantly different metabolites were identified,involving 7 potential targeted metabolic pathways.different varieties of angelica may regulate metabolite synthesis through phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,sesquiterpene compounds metabolism,lipid metabolism,amino acid metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism,nucleotide metabolism,carotenoid,linolenic acid,linoleic acid and other metabolic pathways.2 The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of four kinds of drying modes of balanced dehydration drying(P),shade drying(Y),sun drying(S)and fumigation drying(X)on appearance,microstructure,active components and antioxidant enzyme activities of “Mingui No.1” of ASR.Results indicated that ASR of P and Y had even and bright color,the surface wrinkles were loose,and the appearance was good;the average diameter of oil chamber and starch density of ASR of P and X were higher than those of X and Y;ferulic acid of P Angelica,Polysaccharides,volatile oil extraction rate,extracts,ligustilide A,n-butylphthalide,ligustilide,and angelica lactone A contents were significantly higher than Y,S,and X(P<0.05);The antioxidant activity of ASR Radix under different drying methods was significantly affected(P<0.05),and the SOD,CAT,POD activity andGSH content of ASR of S were significantly higher than those of P,Y and X.P had the highest total protein content(up to 18.31 mg prot/g),and ASR of S had the lowest(3.05 mg prot/g);SOD,POD and CAT activities,GSH content and polysaccharides,extracts,total protein,volatile oil extraction rate,ferulic acid and phenopeptide components were significantly correlated;PCA results were: P>Y>X>S.Based on the comprehensive analysis,compared with traditional drying methods,the dried ASR by balanced dehydrated has a better appearance,a larger oil chamber,and a higher active ingredient content.The UPLC-MS results showed that 379 metabolites of ASR were significantly different under different drying methods.Compared with the fumigated ASR prescribed by pharmacopoeia,more than 150 metabolites in fresh ASR were significantly increased,and the contents of baicalein,benzoic acid,chlorella,caffeic acid,octanoic acid,chlorogenic acid and vanillic acid were significantly decreased,gluconate,D-mannitol,dopamine and other metabolites in dried ASR were significantly increased,while acetylleucine,apigenin,caffeic acid,caffeic acid,bisrin and other metabolites were significantly decreased.Fatty acyl hexoxide,1-hexylamine,3-hydroxybutyric acid,chlorogenic acid,citrate,D-and other metabolites were significantly increased in dried ASR,and the metabolites such as methylguanosine,2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid,apigenin and cytosine were significantly decreased;metabolites such as fatty acylhexoxide,3-methylcatechol,arabinol,chlorogenic acid,baicalin were significantly increased in balanced dehydration and drying.metabolites such as methylguanosine,2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid,2,4-diaminobutyric acid,2-aminophenol,2-hydroxyadenine,2-’-methyladenosine,2’-O-apigenin,cytidine were significantly decreased.The correlation coefficient indicates that,There was a good correlation between different metabolites of ASR treated by different drying methods.The results of KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that the significant difference metabolites mainly involved the first ten metabolic pathways: valine,leucine,isoleucine biosynthesis;pyrimidine metabolic pathway;pentose phosphate pathway;glycine,serine,threonine metabolism;galactose metabolism;citric acid cycle;amino acid biosynthesis;aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis;abc transport protein;2-oxarboxylic acid metabolism and other metabolic pathways related.The comprehensive analysis shows that the balanced dehydrated and dried ASR have better appearance,larger oil chamber and larger oil chamber.higher active component content.Therefore,balanced dehydration and drying technology can be popularized and applied in the drying processing of ASR medicinal materials.3 The parameters such as moisture content and moisture ratio of dry base were plottedfor orthogonal sou test and temperature programmed process of balanced dehydration and drying of ASR,and the mathematical models of two different processes were fitted and analyzed by Weibull function and Slogistic logarithmic function.Studies on the kinetics of balanced dehydration and drying showed that drying temperature,humidity and time were the main factors affecting the drying of ASR.With the decrease of humidity and the increase of time,the moisture content and drying time of ASR increased.The balanced dehydration and drying process can be divided into three stages,namely,preheating stage,isokinetic drying stage and lowering speed.In the preheating stage,the heat absorbed by the material is partly used for water evaporation and partly for raising the temperature of the material;in the isokinetic drying stage,almost all the heat absorbed by the material is used for evaporating moisture.In addition to being used as gasification moisture,the heat absorbed in the cooling drying stage increases the temperature of the material until close to the air temperature.Meanwhile,it is found that the Weibull function can better simulate the automatic temperature-programming process of angelica balanced dehydration and drying,Slogistic the logarithmic function can be more good simulation of angelica equilibrium dehydration drying orthogonal test.4 The effects of drying temperature,drying humidity,time and time on balanced dehydration and drying were investigated by orthogonal test.Based on the orthogonal test,the automatic temperature-programming process of balanced dehydration and drying of ASR was further studied.The effects of artificial intelligence control drying temperature,drying humidity and drying time on the balanced dehydration and drying process were evaluated.The optimum balanced dehydration and drying technology of ASR is drying temperature 50 ℃,drying humidity 50%,tempering time12 h and drying time 36 h based on orthogonal experiment.The influence degree of each factor for comprehensive indexwas D(drying time)> A(drying temperature)> C(tempering time)> B(drying humidity).The quality of ASR obtained by programmed heating in B3 process is the best.The process of B3 has seven stages.,and each stage is baked for 5 hours.The parameters of temperature and humidity are45 ℃,60%→50 ℃,50% →55 ℃,50% →40 ℃,80%→ 45 ℃,60%→ 50 ℃,50% →55 ℃,50%.Compared with the process stipulated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia in 2015,both of the two balanced dehydration and drying processes are superior,and the appearance and microscopic characteristics are consistent.