The Historical Investigation Of "the Same Disease Of Water And Blood" And The Research On The Rule Of Differentiation And Treatment Of Water And Blood Disease By "Yanjing Liu's School Of Treatise On Febrile Diseases"

Purpose1.To clarify the concept of blood and water and their mutual relations in various historical periods including before the Song Dynasty,the Song and Jin Dynasties,the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republic of China,and contemporary times.2.To clarify the clinical application patterns under the different conceptual systems of"blood and water in the same disease" in various historical periods including before the Song Dynasty,Song Jinyuan,the Ming and Qing dynasty and the Republic of China,and contemporary times.3.To clarify the development of the concepts of "blood","water",and "blood and water with the disease",and to summarize the development of the concept of blood,water,and"blood and water with the disease" and the application of the system.4.To summarize and refine the academic origins and development characteristics of the Yanjing LiuShi ShangHan School,as well as the clinical rule of differentiation and treatment experience based on "blood and water with disease".MethodIn this study,the analysis method of knowledge archaeological discourse was used to study the official literature and the influential works of physicians in various historical periods.For example,"Huang Di’s Canon of Internal Medicine","Shang Han ZaBing Lun","Various pathogenic designate theory",Sun Simiao,four scholastic sects of Jin-Yuan dynasties,Zhang Jingyue,Ye Tianshi,Wu Yitong,Tang Rongchuan,Zhou Xuehai,and Wang Qingren.The main literature for the study of modern Chinese medicine theory is textbooks compiled by the nation,including Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and the works of physicians such as Yun Tieqiao and Zhang Xichun.First of all,we clarified the mainstream thinking of each period and determined the discourse positions of them.Secondly,taking blood and water as research objects,we explored the relationship between the concept of blood and water in each period,distilled the knowledge types of blood and water concepts in each period,and summed up the meaning of the concepts of water and blood with the disease in each period.By comparing the above statement,we intend to explained the reasons under these differences.Conclusion1.The View of "Blood syndrome","Water syndrome",and " Simultaneous treatment of blood and water" before the Song DynastyMost traditional Chinese medicine experts hold that qi,huo and heat caused blood syndromes,and used astringent method and tongfu guide dismount method to treat them.Weakness of spleen and stomach and disorder of qi activity caused water syndromes,and treated with diaphoresis method and diuresis method.The situation of simultaneous treatment of blood and water appears to be relatively more.Most of them are mainly blood syndrome,supplemented by water syndrome,or mainly water syndrome supplemented blood syndrome in the case of discourse situation.There were no excessive debate on the cause-and-effect relationship between blood syndrome and water syndrome,and they were treated clinically with the "following the legislation to treat syndromes" approach.In clinical practice,blood syndrome and water syndrome were treated with the method of "following the legislation to treat syndromes".2.The View of "Blood syndrome","Water syndrome" and "Simultaneous treatment of blood and water" during the period of the Song,Jin and Yuan DynastiesBlood syndrome mainly refers to hemorrhagic diseases,at the same time,some diseases caused by blood stasis are also important contents of medical discussion during the period of the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties.Therefore,blood syndrome included hemorrhagic diseases and blood stasis.Excessive fluid,edema,and phlegm-turbid were important components of water syndrome.Simultaneously,the flow of water caused by carbuncle swollen into pus and leukorrhea diseases were also considered clinically from the perspective of water syndrome.Therefore,water syndrome included excessive fluid,edema,phlegm-turbid and carbuncle swollen into pus.Compared with previous generations,the important role of fire was gradually emphasized by physicians in the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties.In the theory of diagnosis and treatment of blood syndrome,the fire was highlighted.During the period of the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the treatment of water syndrome basically continued the theory of the previous generation.During the period of the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,simultaneous treatment of blood and water was mostly a common treatment for the simultaneous appearance of blood syndrome and water syndrome.During the period of the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,physicians paid attention to the endogenous factors that caused the disease,therefore,the physicians’ discussion of simultaneous treatment of phlegm-turbid and blood stasis gradually increased.The focus of attention and treatment ideas in this period still maintained the previous "Observe symptoms to know how it committed against,and then follow the legislation to treat syndromes".3.The View of "Blood syndrome","Water syndrome" and“Simultaneous treatment of blood and water" during the period of Ming and Qing Dynasties and RepublicanDuring the period of Ming and Qing Dynasties and Republican,the main content of blood syndrome was hemorrhagic disease.Since the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,physicians paid more attention to the endogenous factors that caused the disease,therefore,some of the diseases caused by blood stasis are also important topics being discussed.The blood syndromes of this period included hemorrhagic diseases and blood stasis.And the understanding of the water syndrome was the same as that of the physicians in the previous period,and the physicians in the period of the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties researched the water syndrome,phlegm-turbid was also an important part of the water syndrome during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In addition,the flow of water caused by carbuncle swollen into pus and leukorrhea diseases were also considered clinically from the perspective of water syndrome.Therefore,water syndrome concept in this period covered excessive fluid,edema,phlegm-turbid and carbuncle swollen into pus.During the period of Ming and Qing Dynasties and Republican,the theory of diagnosis and treatment of blood syndrome emphasized the relationship between "qi-water and blood-fire".The treatment of water syndrome basically inherited the previous generation theory.Simultaneous treatment of blood and water was mostly a common treatment for the simultaneous appearance of blood syndrome and water syndrome.The focus of attention and treatment ideas in this period still maintained the previous "Observe symptoms to know how it committed against,and then follow the legislation to treat syndromes".4.The View of "Blood syndrome","Water syndrome" and "Simultaneous treatment of blood and water" in contemporary eraModern physicians paid more attention to the causes and the mechanism of disease evolution of blood syndrome and water syndrome.Therefore,modern Chinese medicine physicians emphasized specific pathological substances such as blood,water,phlegm-turbid and blood stasis.This change in understanding led TCM practitioners turn to focus on the key and mechanisms of disease,instead of on the mechanism of disease only.In addition,the thinking of contemporary Chinese medicine was closer to that of Western medicine,because it was influenced by western medicine more profoundly.Some general concepts of in ancient Chinese medicine has been expanded in modern times to form new concepts.For example,the joint treatment of blood syndromes and water syndromes had evolved into the"Simultaneous treatment of blood and water",and theories such as "simultaneous affection of blood and water" had been established.5.Study on laws in syndrome differentiation and treatment of "simultaneous affection of blood and water" by "Yanjing Liu’s Shanghan school"Featured by clearing system,obvious academic characteristic,rapid development,large scale,scientific research and clinical development go hand in hand,"Yanjing liu’s Shanghan school" has becoming a model for the development of various Chinese medical schools at home and abroad.Based on the theory of "simultaneous treatment of blood and water",this paper systematically sorted out three generations of the school’s clinical experience of the school,which may be clinically beneficial.SignificanceThis paper examined the theories of "blood syndrome","water syndrome" and"Simultaneous treatment of blood and water" of physicians in various historical periods and found that physicians of different periods had different understandings of "blood syndrome","water syndrome" and "Simultaneous treatment of blood and water".Based on the previous research of our team,we believed that in the process of constructing the theory of the doctors in all historical periods,the influence of the mainstream thinking at that time was very important.For "blood syndrome","water syndrome" and "Simultaneous treatment of blood and water",the two Han classics,the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties and western philosophies play important role in theconstruction of theory:Since Western academics gradually influenced the East,Western philosophy had a profound influence on traditional Chinese medicine and were deeper since the founding of the people’s Republic of China.In the prevailing environment of western medicine,TCM theory also constructed its core theory to varying degrees.Among these changes,conceptual thinking and structural function theory had a particularly profound influence on TCM.For "blood syndrome","water syndrome" and "Simultaneous treatment of blood and water",the changing of modern traditional Chinese medicine’s understanding of the concept of pathogenesis leads to the appreciation of contemporary physicians on the factors such as "phlegm-turbid" and "blood stasis",thus constructing the theory of "simultaneous treatment of blood and water",and "simultaneous affection of blood and water" was also constructed based on this theory.