A Study On Evaluation Language In Chinese

As an important linguistic category of human to express itself and the world,evaluation has become a hot spot in contemporary linguistics research.Any language has a language of evaluation system,including Chinese.This dissertation is based on the fact of Chinese,from the perspective of cognitive function to put the semantic grammar theory as guidance,and use the research path from the inside out.The paper makes an in-depth study and interpretation of the attributes of the evaluation language,the cognitive framework,the multidimensional features and the types of expression of the Chinese evaluation language.It also makes a systematic investigation and analysis on the performance of Chinese evaluation language in the lexical and grammatical level,as well as the pragmatic strategies of Chinese evaluation.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,this dissertation is divided into six chapters,as follows:The first chapter is overview of evaluation language studies.On the basis of summarizing the research results of Russian,English and Chinese language evaluation,this paper summarizes the achievements and shortcomings of the study of language research.On this basis,it predicts the development trend of Chinese language research,and determine the research ideas and framework.Based on the prototype theory of cognitive linguistics,the second chapter mainly discusses attributes,cognitive frameworks and multidimensional characteristics of evaluation language.First,from the cognitive source attribute,the evaluation language is the linguistic projection of the understanding of the value world.The valuable cognitive attribute is the basic semantic attribute of the evaluation language.From the perspective of the semantic function,the evaluation language is the language form to express the evaluative significance and the evaluation function.It's essence is to function as the direction.The utterance function attribute,is the essential attribute.The relationship between the evaluation and the description,which has the function of pointing to the attribute,is clear in the two aspects of the theory,but there is no clear and practical connection between the two aspects.The dissertation use the word level and the small sentence level as an example to demonstrate that the description and evaluation are a continuous continuum of the relationship,and that any of the evaluation elements or descriptive elements of the static level have the potential to realize the evaluation function in the dynamic expression.This chapter elaborates the cognitive framework of evaluation language.The evaluation consists of evaluation subject,evaluation object,evaluation criteria and evaluation result of the four elements of the organism,these four factors constitute the basic framework of cognitive evaluation language.This cognitive frame forms a regular projection at the sentence level.This chapter also discusses the characteristics of the evaluation language,such as,subjectivity,comparison,gradability,value loadability,syntactic stylized,and strong interpersonal interaction.Among them,subjectivity and value loadability are the two basic characteristics of the evaluation language.Comparison and gradability is subjective features derived from syntactic.Syntactic stylized is the syntactic specification of explicit evaluation.Strong interpersonal interaction is the functional characteristic of evaluation language.The third chapter is about the type of expression of the evaluation language.The former has positive evaluation and negative evaluation,and the later has subjective evaluation and subjective attitude metal linguistic evaluation.According to the evaluation of the implicit view,it is divided into explicit and implicit evaluation;According to the expression orientation,it is divided into rational evaluation and emotional evaluation;According to the evaluation of having markers,it is divided into explicit and non explicit evaluation;According to the style,it is divided into written and oral evaluation evaluation;According to the evaluation of the main body,it is divided into the official evaluation,expert evaluation and general evaluation;According to the evaluation criteria,it is divided into absolute evaluation and relative evaluation.These categories have different cognitive angles and different points of view,which constitute the basic framework of the evaluation language research.The fourth chapter use "The modern Chinese vocabulary table" as the main research object,systematically investigates the manifestation of Chinese lexical level,important words of resource evaluation,meta evaluation of word word.And put forward commendatory and derogatory evaluation words,metalinguistic evaluation words,differential evaluation words and evaluative idioms constitutes as an important resource to the expression of Chinese evaluation words.In addition,all kinds of lexical expressions have been examined and classified and compared with their predecessors: Pointed out that in all the lexical category,the adjective is a kind of the most potential evaluation;From the statical lexical level,typical evaluative adjectives are the nature features of the export-oriented adjectives;Pointed out that the nature of the non evaluative adjectives domains can be evaluated;Classify the common evaluation nouns in different perspectives;New "value judgment verb" as evaluation verbs is put forward;Recognize the evaluation of part distinguish words and Onomatopoeias;Put forward evaluation idioms is also important lexical resources,and so on.All of these are beneficial to the further understanding of the lexical level and the improvement of the evaluation system.The fifth chapter mainly discusses the grammatical expression of modern Chinese evaluation language from two aspects of morphology and syntax.Based on the understanding of the former scholars,this paper will clearly put the evaluative pragmatic affix and morphological affix exist in Chinese evaluation lexical representation;And think that the overlap is one of the important grammatical means of evaluation language.The overlapping type has the potential evaluation,and will leave the subjective mark of the speaker's "self" on the "quantity" or "quality".In the review of evaluative sentences,It put forward evaluation showed the typical and atypical cascade level view.The linguistic facts show that different syntactic positions have a restrictive effect on the transfer of evaluative adjectives and the realization of evaluation functions.Predicate,object attribute,adverbial,and complement are typical evaluations.It has the requirement of sentence co-occurrence components,semantic presupposition,the nature of the article,discourse style about the atypical sentence constitute the "standard evaluation sentence”.The sixth chapter is about pragmatic strategy analysis of Chinese evaluation expression.It mainly discusses the dynamic linguistic communication of Chinese evaluation language to realize the significance of the evaluation expression by explicit or implicit language form and pragmatic method.After inspection we believe that the expression of evaluation significance,which in the dynamic sentence level frequently has a deep inner stipulation and interaction with rhetorical strategies,discourse structure,context and rhythm.rhetoric,discourse markers,prosody and context is an important pragmatic strategy of Chinese evaluation expression.At the level of evaluation discourse,various explicit or implicit evaluation resources tend to be in a prosodic distribution.Or overlap with each other,or complement each other,or against each other,to achieve the overall discourse evaluation significance.