The Poetic Study On Adherents Of A Former Dynasty At The Beginning Of Qing Dynasty

In the paper,the author will study poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty and discuss the inheritance relationship between poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty and poetics of adherents of a former dynasty in early Yuan Dynasty,poetics of adherents of a former dynasty in early Republic of China,poetics in Ming Dynasty and poetics in Qing Dynasty affected by "consciousness of adherents of a former dynasty" by centering on poetic view and perspective of history and focusing on poetic laws and criticism,hoping to evaluate status and value of poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty on history of poetics and adherents’ history of poetics comprehensively,systematically and objectively.The paper can be divided into six chapters:In the chapter one,the author discusses the historical background for poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty from political environment,academic background,poetic creation and poetic origin.Dynamic change from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty,similar situations and common pursuits affected creation,theories and criticism of adherents,forming the uniform poetic view.In addition,the author shows that in order to study poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty,the author should firstly have the "view of broader contexts",so as to understand"situations" of adherents.In the chapter two,the author summarizes relevant problems in poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty.Poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning Qing Dynasty was affected by the consciousness of adherents of a former dynasty,which would affect psychology and behaviors of adherents directly.Generally speaking,poetics of adherents of a former dynasty expressed wish for thinking of the homeland,saving literatures of the homeland and literatures of adherents.However,traditional poetics constrained expression of adherents,thus it was necessary for adherents to reestablish the new poetic system,so as to adapt to express emotions of adherents.Under the circumstance,poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty emerged at the right moment.It centered on poetic view and perspective of history and focused on poetic laws and criticism,hoping to pursue for the poetic system with the features of sincerity and value.The key is from chapter three and chapter six.In the chapter three,the author studies the poetic view of adherents of a former dynasty.The poetic view was the center of the poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty and also the commander of poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty.From the poetic phylogeny,poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty and poetics of adherents of a former dynasty in early Yuan Dynasty constituted in the subject of poetic history for adherents of a former dynasty together.Poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty was the inheritance,depth and expansion of the poetic view of adherents of a former dynasty in early Yuan Dynasty and also the corpus of poetics of adherents of a former dynasty.In terms of poetic theories,poetic view of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty had the philosophical foundation of the temperament theory in early Qing Dynasty.True disposition,emotions and reason,emotions and scenes,loyalty and filial piety were used to define the range of temperament to greatly expand the width and depth of poetic theories.In the chapter four,the author studies perspective of history for adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty,perspective of history for adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty inherited appraisal and criticism on Du Fu’s history of petry proposed by Meng Qi in late Tang Dynasty from poets in dynasties of Song,Yuan and Ming and particularly approving the perspective of history of Wen Tianxiang,Xie Ao and Zheng Sixiao who were adherents of a former dynasty in early Yuan Dynasty and had the similar "situations".The perspective of history for adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty not only referred to poems in creation consciously,but also expanded in theory,advocated history of poetry and psychology of poetry in contents,emphasized on supplementing the deficiency of history with poems in functions,and demonstrated erroneousness of history with poems.Actually,poetic theories of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty exceeded adherents of a former dynasty in the early Yuan Dynasty in scale and influences of creation,theories and criticism to constitute the"history of poetry" with the poetic theories of adherents of a former dynasty in early Yuan Dynasty.In the chapter five,the author analyzes opinions on poems in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty and doesn’t distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty by comparing with adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty,but constructs the poetic methods of adherents,learns from advantages of poems in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty for adherents,summarizes and establishes the poetic methods conforming to expression of adherents:Poems of Du Fu revitalized elegance,valued knowledge,expressed classics and history,considered prosody and expressed temperament.Poetic methods of adherents fully affirmed the value of poetic methods,advocated temperament expressed by poems,and standardized it by laws,and also emphasized that poetic methods always centered on temperament and rejected stereotype.In the chapter six,the author studies criticism on the adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty.Poetic criticism of adherent of a former dynasty at the beginning Qing Dynasty was affected by poets,emotions and consciousness of adherents of a former dynasty.The criticism was moderate and fair.Poets valued poems,pursued for sincerity more than skills,and constructed the aesthetical standard with the center of "Qing".Opinions on poems had muscular strength and firmness and pursued for ancient styles.Adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty integrated countryside consciousness and firm emotions of adherents of a former dynasty,greatly advocated the severe and plain style of poetry,or magnificent and vigorous style of poetry in Lingnan to start the poetry in Qing Dynasty and to construct the poetic criticism system of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty.In the last part,the author analyzes the influences of poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty.In the paper,the author studiespoetics of adherents,places it in the coordinate system of poetics of adherents and poetics in Qing Dynasty,showing poetics of adherents in the era horizontally and observing history of poetry for adherents vertically,hoping to embody status and value of poetics of adherents of a former dynasty at the beginning of Qing Dynasty in poetic history and poetic history of adherents.