Study On The Exile Literature Of Fang Gong Qian And His Sons

Fang Gongqian is a famous poet with “special cognitive meaning” in the early Qing Dynasty.He was born in the distinguished family of imperial examination in Tongcheng.He and his five sons,who were demoted and exiled from the customs,belonged to the elite group of the intellectual at the time of Shunkang in Qing Dynasty and were a group of Tongcheng poets active in the poetry circle of the capital in the early Qing Dynasty.Combined with the new materials collected by the author,such as the Kangxi engraving of Suan Ji,selected works of poetry of Huang Chuanzu’s Fulun wide collection and Fulun new collection,and related local records,this paper discusses their theories and creative traits to grasp their unique survival state of exile in the chaotic time and important influence on poetry in the early Qing Dynasty and Tongcheng poetry through thoroughly reviewing Fang Gongqian and his sons’ poetry creation in the period,on the basis of completing the compendium of the chronology of Fang Gongqian and the series of Fang Xiaobiao’s poems in the period of “recognizing work for atonement”.Chapter one: analyze the historical background factors of Fang Gongqian and his sons’ exile.The two questions are focused.Firstly,the direct cause of Fang Gongqian and his sons’ exile-Ding You exam case was focused,which is investigated by being placed in the frame of Shunzhi’s “civilian post”,and the deep reason of their exile is discussed.Secondly,it focuses on the analysis of the reasons for the formation of the“atypical” Turncoat Officials’ identity of Fang Gongqian before exile,which has been greatly puzzled in the academic circle.On the one hand,through reviewing the short official experience in Chongzhen period and the “death by all means” test encoutered by him,this paper discusses the alienation feeling and self-preservation consciousness towards the court under the harsh atmosphere of the Times.On the other hand,through exploring the formation and transmission of the spiritual connotation of imperialexamination in the culture of the Fangs,this paper probes into Fang Gongqian and his sons’ ideal of the Confucian’s “concurrently benefiting the whole world” in the chaotic times and their unforgotten imperial examination.Chapter two: analyze the poetic thoughts of Fang Gongqian and his sons,Fang Xiaobiao,during their demotion and exile.In view of no systematic carding and inductionin in the past researches,this chapter embarks from the huge collection of Fang Gongqian and his sons’ relevant poetics literature,especially based on rich poetic point of view contained in Fang Gongqian’s more than two thousand comment of Du’s poems,believes that the prominent poetic thoughts during the exile period of the Fang Gongqian and his sons are reflected in the “disposition” theory that returns to the tradition of Confucian poetry teaching consciously,coming from three important poetic backgrounds: the struggle between “disposition” and “style”,the re-mention of “true poetry” and the re-canonization of Du’s poetry.Therefore,this paper probes into the connotation of their poetic thought during the period of their demotion and exile from three aspects: the temperament poetics view of “true” and “hun”,the traditional poetry teaching view of “hatred without anger” and the view of “poetry is the main road”,and found that they,as an important family of Tongcheng poetics in the early Qing Dynasty,and Tongcheng poetry,which emerged in the middle of Qing Dynasty,have something in common with such iconic poetics as “poetry is the main road”,“poetry is interlinked with literature” and “poetic sentiment and reality”.Chapter three and chapter four: analyze Fang and his son’s poetry,including the way and exile place of poetry creation.Fang Gongqian and his son’s focus on the true scene of real life,real view,real thing,real emotion and the truth to represent the character of “I”,different from the feeling of “show the emotion through landscape and mountain” and “love” conveyed by poetry continued inside Shanhaiguan by the most exiled people in the Northeast,respectively from two angles,the exiled people’s life“group” and “I” and “people” and “landscape” in remote areas.Chapter three presents the literature creation ecology of cultural exiled people in Ningguta through the analysis of the creation interaction between Fang Gongqian and his sons and other exiled poets such as Wu Zhaoqian,as well as the creation of the state of Fang Gongqian’s being alone at home.The fourth chapter shows their observation,acceptance and deep cultural barriers of the "people" and "local landscape" in Ningguta through the analysis of the Ningguta custom poems and substitutional poems written by Fang Gongqian and his sons.Chapter five and chapter six: analyze the historical background,Fang Gongqian and his son’s social intercourse and creation in the period of “recognizing work for atonement”.The fifth chapter mainly states that under the background of "four auxiliary minister" in the early Kangxi ruling history period,when Fang Gongqian and his son came back to shanhaiguan and completed Fuchengmen project,their living conditions in Ningguta was forced to become "back and scattered" self-imposed exile from "exile and together" collective exile.It also states at that time their whereabouts and the main social intercourse,which reflects special mentality of exiled people.Chapter six analyzes the creation of the travelling poems of the Fang Gongqian and his son,and analyzes the social and family ethical environmental challenges they faced when travelling becomes their normal life,as well as the poetic text type generated in the specific time and space scene of the journey.It mainly analyzes the feelings of Fang Gongqian and his son’s exile and travelling mentality,the north-south confrontation showed by military affairs theme and adapting themselves to different circumstances with modesty showed by the flood theme.It can be seen from this that even though Fang Gongqian and his son were reduced to the status of "social marginal people",they still had the profound family and state feelings of the Confucian,which was not only“pay attention to one’s own moral uplift without thought of others”,but “concurrently benefiting the world”.Based on the influence factors of time and family,this paper studies the whole and dynamics of the poems written by Fang Gongqian and Fang Xiaobiao.At the same time,it pays attention to its specific creation background and situation,including the process of text generation,artistic technique,creation mentality and changes in literary concept.It emphatically analyzes the characteristics of “neutralization voice” which is characterized by resentment but no anger under the harsh atmosphere of the Times.