Research On Heidegger’s Theory Of Community

The "community" provide entry point for "atomic individual" to solve the crisis of the meaning.We know that the previous community theory is always in the quagmire of traditional metaphysical,which mistakes the community as a theory of sharing "common good".However,heidegger stood in the position of "post-metaphysics" and attempted to establish a ontological community which based on "ontology".This kind of community thought is manifested as "national community" at the "existential level";as "Polis" at the "metaphysical level";and as "homeland" at the "ontological level".Homeland,as an ontological community,is the "root of meaning" of human beings.Only in the "ontological community" can human beings live a real "meaningful life",and return to the house of Being.At the same time,in our view,Heidegger’s understanding of “meaningful life” is itself distinct from our conventional “meaningful life”.In the perspective of traditional philosophy,classical philosophy interprets "meaningful life" as "virtual life" and pursues a "political community" of practical wisdom,while modern philosophy more understands "meaningful life" as "Rational life" pursues a "community of means" of instrumental rationality.Heidegger believes that both the "political community" of "virtue" and the "community of means" of "rationality" are the products of traditional metaphysics,it misunderstanding the community itself.In the final analysis,the community should be based on ontology and a kind of "community of existentialism." Therefore,based on the complexity of the community problem,this paper attempts to outline heidegger’s "community" theory and arouse people’s pursuit for the meaningful life of the community.In the first chapter,it explains heidegger’s diagnosis of modernity and reconstructs a kind of "Dasein metaphysics" by criticizing subject metaphysics.First of all,on the basis of analyzing the subjective metaphysics,it reveals the various kinds of worries,eg.human become the subject and separation of from others.Then,starting from Heidegger’s rejection of traditional metaphysics,a new kind of metaphysics is described: Dasein metaphysics.It is under the vision of "Dasein metaphysics" that people can return to authenticity and become Dasein.Dasein is coexistence in the world,the self and the other can be bridged,and the community can be produced.In the second chapter,the theoretical inheritance and practical reflection of heidegger’s community are analyzed.First of all,from the "Heidegger in the theoretical inheritance",the concept of "Leibnitz’s monadology and community" and Husserl’s intersubjectivity and community are separately explained.On the one hand,Leibniz thought the basis of the correspondence theory of the truth is monadology,and the monadology constitutes the theoretical origin of Heidegger’s "Dasein metaphysics".Then,the monadology of "predetermined harmony" as the theoretical background to promote the heidegger’s community thinking.On the other hand,Husserl overcame "solipsism" with the community theory of intersubjectivity,and realized the theoretical shift from "ego first" to "others first".Husser’s community always It is based on empathy.However,in Heidegger’s view,empathy should be based on “being-with” rather than vice versa.Therefore,it is based on the criticism of Husserl’s theory of empathy.Heidegger’s thinking on the issue of the community.Secondly,starting from "Heidegger in political practice",the author thinks critically about the community connotation of the concept of "heidegger of political participation" and "heidegger of political reflection".Heidegger joined the nazis because he mistook the Nazi community for the one he recognized.On the one hand,this paper analyzes the political motive,political behavior and political result of heidegger’s political participation.1.It is based on Heidegger’s three political motivations,namely,the mission of the existence of "national community",the enlightenment of non-authentic individuals,and the beginning of the technological world,that leads his politics participation.2.Through the description of heidegger’s 10-month political behavior,the affinity between Heidegger’s community theory and Nazi community and Heidegger’s "antisemitism in history" are clarified.Because Heidegger’s politics lacks practical wisdom and despise the“the one” and imposes the philosopher’s view of truth on the politician’s view of truth,he has to face three political outcomes: political failure,leadership Hitler’s failure,Education reform failed.On the other hand,the importance of the concept of "community" in Heidegger’s event is clarified through the political reflection of Heidegger himself and others.1.Heidegger’s silence on Nazi events is a kind of philosophical silence,which,as a language,is the way for us to enter the community.2.Whether domestic or foreign scholars,their views on "Heidegger event" always focus on the relationship between philosophy and politics,while ignoring the role of the concept of "community" in philosophical thinking and political behavior.In the third chapter,the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter,the theories of community in the three periods of Heidegger’s philosophy are expounded.First,proceed from the discussion of the community at the existential level in 《Being and Time》.On the one hand,Heidegger interprets the internal structure of the workcommunity as the “being-with” between people,and the being-with(people and people)always“besorge”(people and things).Therefore,we can rebuilding heidegger’s community theory as the "work-community".On the other hand,Heidegger thought that the external characteristic of work-community was "historical".However,historical is always delayed by history,and it was the temporality arrival.At this point,the community falls into an unauthenticity state.This unauthenticity state of the community is "the one".Secondly,starting from the replacement of "meta-political metaphysics" to "Dasein metaphysics" in 《The Black Note》and the discussion of historical sites in 《The Introduction to Metaphysics》,we focus on the ontological community: Polis.On the one hand,the national community can only be produced in the Polis.On the other hand,the Polis as a historical place for people carries the characteristics of struggle.Only in the struggle against existence can people return to the realm of Polis and create a history of "national communities."Finally,starting from the replacement of "language ontology" to "meta-political metaphysics" in 《Speech and Papers》and the discussion of dwell in《On the Way to Language》,Heidegger begins to describe the community of existentialism: homeland.On the one hand,Heidegger believes that people learn to live in language.Inhabited as a protection,so that people as guardians protect the homeland,and "belong together" with existence.On the other hand,in the homeland,the existential community(waiting and useless national community)can be generated.In chapter six,Heidegger’s contribution to the theory of the community and the plight of the commentary.First of all,it is concluded that Heidegger’s community theory is a kind of "community based on ontology with absolute difference characteristics in the humanistic sense".This ontological sense of community in different periods are called: the one,Polis,homeland.The ontological sense of community is finally realized as "national community" in reality.This national community in different periods of heidegger’s philosophy is called: work-community,national community,waiting and useless national community.Secondly,from Heidegger’s community theory to discuss the reality of its contribution and its shortcomings.1.Based on heidegger’s comments and defects on liberalism and communitarianism in contemporary political philosophy to considers the reality of Heidegger’s community theory.2.Heidegger’s theory of community contribution are: reconstructing a new metaphysical foundation,taking seriously on others(other people,different nationalities,different cultures),and finding the source of meaning for the theory of the reality community.3.The shortcomings of Heidegger’s community theory are: Ontological repression of human beings,extreme historicalism,the weakness of waiting theory.