Deconstruction And Reconstruction

The modern history of China began with blood and tears.In 1840,China lost fiercely in the Opium War and was forced to sign "the Treaty of Nanjing" with the United Kingdom for its bereavement and humiliation.Since then,China has lost its independent status and become a semi-colonial colony.It has reluctantly joined the world order and began modern history.Subsequently,the signing of a series of unequal treaties allowed the Western Empire to gain a series of privileges in China,including political,economic,military,and cultural.At the same time,Western science,technology and culture have flooded into China in large numbers,the traditional Chinese social structure is facing collapse,the social nature of China has also changed,and the authority of Confucianism represented by Confucius in Chinese society has also been threatened.Where does China go in the future?Where is China’s way out?Group after group of scholars with patriotic feelings have sought out the future of China.They have tried and improved from the equipment level and the system level,but they are not enough to save China,which has internal and external problems.With the sharp deterioration of the domestic political situation and the distress of the broad masses of people,the modern Chinese have shifted the perspective of reform to cultural,psychological and ethical aspects.In this context,a new cultural movement broke out.In fact,since the end of the 19th century,some intellectuals have questioned Confucius and Confucianism.They have also made some improvements.As a result,the status of Confucius and Confucianism has been shaken,but most of them are shallow.In the first decade of the 20th century,changes in the institutional level changed the status of Confucius and Confucianism.Especially the "New Deal" promoted by the Qing government in 1901 objectively accelerated the process of China’s modernization.In 1905,the imperial examination system was abolished,and due to the lack of education and the selection of talents.Confucianism began to waver.In addition,during the reign of the Northern Warlords,social darkness,political corruption,and national crisis aggravated,and the countercurrent of feudal restoration became more and more arrogant.This made some democrats realize that at this time China is not only economically backward,but more importantly,cultural and ideological backwardness.To lag behind,the nation must awaken and rejuvenate,and it is necessary to carry out a complete revolution in ideology and culture.If the ideology and culture are to be revolutionized,the thought of Confucius,which has been the official ideology for two thousand years,is bound to be the focus of the revolution.Since then,traditional Confucianism has come to an end,and Kang Youwei’s Confucianism reform plan has also declared bankruptcy.The New Culture Movement began here.In the New Culture Movement,cultural activists represented by Chen Duxiu,Li Dazhao,Yi Baisha,Wu Yu,Hu Shi,etc.,advocated "democracy" and"science",supported "M r.De" and "Mr.Sai",and tried to think about China build a true democratic republic.They believe that only by promoting"democracy" and "science" and suppor;ting "Mr.De" and "M r.Sai" can China be saved.To achieve this goal,we must promote the new ideas and culture of democracy with great fanfare,and thoroughly criticize the old ideas,old morals,and old culture of feudalism.Culture must criticize Confucianism represented by Confucius.They used the opposition to Kang Youwei’s Confucianism movement and the restoration of feudal monarchy as a trigger,criticized Confucian and Confucian thoughts,and then criticized Confucian and Confucian thoughts,and then denied the entire Chinese traditional culture.Cultural radicalists have spared no effort to criticize and abandon Confucianism and Confucianism,which has caused great damage to traditional Chinese culture.This is the first time that Chinese traditional culture has suddenly broken.In this mighty cultural movement,Confucianism suffered a huge blow,and the status of Confucianism in the minds of the Chinese people was also severely shaken.Such a large-scale comprehensive anti-traditionalism has never appeared in other social history.However,everything has two sides.From another perspective,this"deconstruction" of Confucianism is also meant to be "reborn" again.This is because,while Confucianism was ruthlessly whipped and abandoned by cultural activists,it objectively inspired the re-emergence of Confucianism.The anti-Confucian criticism of the New Culture Movement shook the guiding position of Confucianism in the fields of politics,ethics,and morality,and ended the dominance of Confucianism in the ideological and academic fields.After the baptism of the New Culture Movement,the iconic Confucius has begun to fade away from people’s minds.The civilian and real Confucius has gradually appeared to the world,which has largely created a rational and objective evaluation of Confucius for posterity.The conditions also made Confucianism begin to transition from the traditional form to the modern form.After the New Culture Movement,cultural activists and cultural conservatives started fierce debates on issues such as Chinese and Western cultures,where China is going,and whether Confucianism can bear the burden of China’s survival of the country.Debates on new and old cultural views,debates between science and metaphysics,etc.With the deepening of the debate,cultural radicals and cultural conservatives finally split into three majortrends of thought:Chinese Marxism,liberal westernization,and modern Neo-confucianism.These three major trends of thought are mutually opposed and mutually reinforcing,forming a situation in which the ideological and academic circles of China in the twentieth century stand in a triad.Among them,the modern Neo-Confucian school focused on the persistence and reconstruction of Confucianism,and became a key part of the development of Confucianism after the New Cultural Movement.The modern Neo-confucianism also became the main force for the development of Confucianism in the 20th century.The representatives of modern Neo-confucianism,taking modern western culture as a reference and reviving Confucianism as their purpose,tried to reinterpret Confucius and revitalize Confucianism.They tried to complete the modern transformation of Chinese traditional old thought through introspection,fusion,and renewal,and began to try to rationally locate Confucius and Confucianism from a new perspective and from a philosophical level.They began to pay attention to Confucius’ thoughts and Confucius’ philosophy of life,hoping to revive Confucianism by reviving Confucius’ philosophy of life,and then to show the inner rationale of the development of Chinese culture from the Confucian culture and constitute the future direction of Chinese culture.With the continuous efforts of the first,second and third generations of modern Neo-confucianism,Confucianism has returned and revitalized in China.Especially since the beginning of the 21st century,the seeds of Confucianism have once again taken root and sprung up,showing a kind of vigor scene,which is not only reflected in the intellectuals’ new thinking and new construction in academic fields,but also among the folks.Folk Confucianism The rise of popular Confucianism,rural Confucianism,and so on,has brought Confucianism back into the daily lives of the Chinese people.