Poverty Alleviation Mechanism Of Village Level Governance Capacity In Forest Region

With the implementation of the poverty alleviation strategy,China's rural areas will soon achieve the goal of comprehensive poverty alleviation under the current standards.In the process of poverty alleviation in China,village level organizations play an important role in the poverty governance mode of internal and external interaction.In the resource transmission of exogenous poverty alleviation,village level organizations,as the undertakers of poverty alleviation projects in the grass-roots society,occupy an important part;in the endogenous development mode of poverty alleviation,village level organizations,as the elite power in the village,play an important role in promoting the economic development of the village and achieving the goal of poverty alleviation.Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the governance capacity of grass-roots organizations,weaken the "Involution" of poverty governance caused by "elite capture" on poverty alleviation resources,and enhance the driving effect of village level organizations.From the perspective of rural governance,this study explores the new ideas of rural poverty governance from the village level,focusing on answering the following questions: can village level governance significantly affect the poverty situation in the village? Are the impacts consistent,and are there significant differences due to different levels of poverty in villages? If it can significantly affect rural poverty,what is the path and mechanism of poverty reduction of village governance capacity? The answers to the above questions are expected to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for improving China's poverty alleviation governance efficiency and promoting rural governance capacity and governance embodiment modernization.Under the guidance of "poverty trap" theory,"endogenous development" theory,"community participation" theory and multi-dimensional theoretical system of "bureaucratic rationality" theory,this paper summarizes the existing relevant literature,constructs the framework of the role of village governance capacity in rural poverty,and discusses the path to enhance village governance capacity.Based on the survey data of 546 villages in154 villages and towns in 16 counties of 5 cities,including Baoji,Xianyang,Ankang,Yulin and Shangluo in Shaanxi Province,this paper empirically tests the mechanism of village level governance capacity on rural poverty by using a variety of measurement models and methods,and points out the feasible path to improve village governance capacity.According to the results of theoretical and empirical analysis,the following main conclusions can be drawn:(1)Since 2010-2018,both the absolute population distribution and the proportion of relative poverty-stricken population in China's rural areas have shown a higher degree of aggregation in mountainous areas,and the trend of further aggregation in mountainous areas after 2015.Based on the analysis of the survey samples in Shaanxi Province,Ankang City has the deepest poverty degree,Shangluo City has a low incidence of poverty,but the per capita income level is not high.On the contrary,Baoji City has the highest per capita income level,but the village poverty rate is the second,Yulin and Xianyang city have the lowest poverty degree;from the perspective of health,education level and living standard,Ankang and Shangluo are still the same Baoji and Xianyang are the second,Yulin is the least poor.Comparing the two groups of sample villages in forest area and non forest area,it is found that the poverty degree of forest sample village is significantly higher than that of non forest area sample village in four dimensions,which proves the conclusion of poor population gathering in forest area again.In the analysis of village participation in poverty alleviation projects,it is not difficult to find that poverty alleviation resources incline more to Ankang and Shangluo,where the poverty level is the deepest.Yulin City ranks the third in poverty alleviation projects,followed by Baoji City,and Xianyang city has the least investment in poverty alleviation resources.In the comparative analysis of different terrain poverty alleviation projects,the poverty alleviation resources obtained by forest sample villages are significantly higher than that of non forest area samples.However,the entry and exit mechanism of poverty-stricken villages is not perfect,which may lead to the low efficiency of poverty alleviation resources targeting.(2)Based on the definition of the concept and connotation of village level governance capacity,this paper constructs the measurement index system of village level governance capacity from four dimensions of resource acquisition ability,economic development ability,social management ability and public service ability,and uses entropy method to calculate its comprehensive index.Descriptive statistics on the village level governance capacity of the survey sample villages shows that the comprehensive level is relatively low,and the average value of the overall sample is only 0.136.The average size of the four dimensions is in the order of resource acquisition ability > social management ability >economic development ability > public service ability.According to the comparative analysis of prefecture level cities,the overall level of village governance capacity ranked as Yulin City > Baoji > Xianyang > Ankang > Shangluo.Yulin city ranked first in thecomprehensive index of village governance capacity and each dimension index.Ankang and Shangluo City performed lower except for some dimensions,which indicated that the governance ability of village level organizations was higher in areas with higher economic development level and the average value in poor forest areas The results show that the village governance ability is related to terrain conditions,vegetation coverage and other factors.(3)In order to further understand the influencing factors of village governance capacity,this paper discusses the mechanism of the two factors from the perspective of "system" and "subject".The results show that: the number of candidates and voting rate of democratic election variables,the number of supervisory committee members in democratic supervision variables and clan scale variables have significant positive impact on village governance ability.Among the individual characteristics of village cadres,the education level of village branch secretary,the number of years of village branch secretary,the education level of village director and the special experience of village director have significant positive effects on village governance In the analysis of the interaction between the democratic election system and the individual characteristics of village cadres,democratic election can improve the comprehensive management ability of the village by electing high-quality and experienced village cadres,improving the ability of introducing resources and developing the village economy In the interaction test between the main supervision system and the individual characteristics of village cadres,democratic supervision means can not make high-quality village cadres show better ability,only can improve the social management ability of village directors to a certain extent;the interaction between the scale of clan network of informal institutional variables and the individual variables of village cadres has not passed the significant test,but it has an impact on the management of village cadres Public affairs can promote.(4)In the analysis of the effect of village level governance capacity on poverty reduction,it is found that the village level governance capacity has a significant negative impact on rural poverty,that is,the higher the village level governance capacity,the better the effect of poverty reduction.In the overall survey sample,the comprehensive capacity of village governance has a significant negative impact on rural poverty.At the same time,low education level of rural labor force,high proportion of agricultural production labor force,poor quality of cultivated land resources,frequent occurrence of natural disasters,low level of irrigation facilities and public transportation,remote geographical location,no development of characteristic industries and introduction of enterprises in the village arealso factors contributing to village poverty In order to investigate whether there are significant differences in the behavior of village level organizations under different poverty levels,the sample is further classified and regressed.The results of quantile regression show that the influence coefficient of village level governance capacity on rural poverty first decreases and then increases with the deepening of poverty degree,and threshold regression results further prove that village level governance can improve rural poverty There is a non-linear correlation between rural poverty and power,and in the deeper the poverty level is,the better the effect of improving the governance capacity of village level organizations is than that of the sample villages with relatively low poverty level.At the same time,the results of regression based on forest classification show that the poverty reduction effect of village level governance capacity in forest area is very significant,but the effect of village level organization in non forest area sample village has not passed the significance test.(5)In the analysis of the poverty reduction effect of the four dimensions of village level governance capacity,there are significant differences in the four dimensions of poverty reduction effect under the background of different poverty levels.In the overall sample analysis,only the ability of social management and public service can significantly affect the poverty situation in the village,which shows that it is more correct to gradually change the goal of village governance to service-oriented government in the current rural society.In the results of grouping regression of different poverty levels,the effect of developing economic capacity on poverty alleviation is more significant in the villages with lower poverty level,while the influence of resource acquisition ability on rural poverty has not passed the significance test.On the contrary,in the villages with deeper poverty level,the village level resource acquisition ability has a significant negative correlation with rural poverty,while the development of economic capacity is not Significant,social management capacity and public service capacity in the threshold regression in both sample groups have significant negative impact,indicating that in the areas with deep poverty,it is still necessary to increase the inflow of external resources to promote the economic development of villages and achieve the goal of poverty reduction,while the villages with relatively low poverty level mainly rely on stimulating the endogenous development power of villages to promote the livelihood of villagers In the comparative analysis of poverty reduction path of village level governance capacity between forest area and non forest area,the social management ability and public service ability in forest area samples can significantly reduce the village poverty,while the non forest area sample villages mainly rely on the economic development ability of village level organizations to drive rural development.(6)In the analysis results of poverty reduction path of village level governance capacity,it is revealed that the effect of village level governance directly on poor households through "subjective poverty reduction mechanism" is the most significant,followed by the indirect effect of agricultural industry development measures,and finally the way of adjusting the utilization efficiency of characteristic resources and expanding farmers' income channels through characteristic industry management.From the perspective of the four dimensions of village level governance capacity,the effect of resource acquisition capacity and economic development capacity on poverty reduction through the development of village industry and improvement of agricultural production conditions is better than that of direct poverty reduction,while the direct poverty reduction effect of social management capacity and public service capacity is higher than that of indirect poverty reduction through industrial development.Fifthly,from the comparison of the total effects of poverty reduction in four dimensions,the social management ability of village level organizations has the best effect,followed by public service ability,economic development capacity,and finally resource acquisition ability.It shows that when the current rural areas need to achieve poverty reduction through village level organizations,we should improve the social management ability and public service ability of village level organizations and improve the village level groups Organizational management experience and the level of public service supply are the effective ways to achieve poverty reduction,and the efficiency of relying solely on external resource input to achieve poverty reduction is relatively low.Compared with the poverty reduction mechanism of village level governance capacity between forest and non forest areas,it is found that village level organizations in forest areas can significantly improve the poverty situation in villages through direct poverty reduction measures and the intermediary role of industrial development,while in non forest areas,only through enterprise development and development of characteristic resources can significantly reduce poverty.