Housing-resources Spatial Mismatch Problem Of Affordable Housing Residents Based On The Employment And Public,Service Consumption Perspective

The faster suburbanization of residence than that of employment and so-caused spatial separation between living and employment,as well as the faster suburbanization of residence than that of public service and so-caused spatial separation between living and public service,has been common since the rapid industrialization and urbanization of China cities.Due to the continuous influence of urban expansion,central city evacuation,land finance and resource constraints,etc.,affordable houses,attributed with quasi-public properties and aiming at providing housing security for low-income groups,are often allocated to the fringe areas of cities where relocation costs are low,job opportunities are undeveloped and public service facilities are inadequate.Then the affordable housing locations are spatially separated from the employment locations and public service locations.That is,the implementation of affordable housing policy may exacerbate the trend of spatial separation between living and employment as well as between living and public services which has been common in China cities nowadays.And such spatial separation may translate into the spatial barriers facing by the policy-receivers of affordable housing during employment and public service consumption and may adversely affect the welfare of employment and public service consumption.Revealing the residents' employment welfare status from the perspective of the residence-employment spatial relations has always being the essence of the spatial mismatch theory.However,the current spatial mismatch research has not yet involved the spatial relations of residence-public services 'and the welfare of public service consumption.Through the re-conceptualization of the spatial mismatch theory through taking the public service consumption into consideration,the re-constructed spatial mismatch theory is introduced to construct an "two phases and two levels" framework to illustrate how the implementation of affordable housing policy cause the formation of spatial mismatch faced by the policy-receivers.And then based on the framework,theoretical deduction and empirical tests are conducted so as to analyze the welfare effect as well as how the welfare effect come into being.Finally,by examining the spatial mismatch phenomenon faced by the affordable housing policy-receivers and their response when facing the spatial mismatch problem,this paper proposes measures to improve and perfect the affordable housing policy by guiding and regulating the response behavior of the policy-receivers.The main conclusions and research results are as follows:(1)The implementation of affordable housing policy exemplifies as a good natural experiment of spatial mismatch.The re-conceptualized spatial mismatch theory can fit well in the study of the implementation of affordable housing.The entire process of how the spatial mismatch being triggered by the implementation of affordable housing policy can be explained as follows:the influencing factor being the affordable housing policy implementation,the concerned object being the policy-receivers,the spatial relationship presenting as the spatial separation between living and employment as well as between living and public services,the effect being that the employment benefit and the public service consumption benefit are impaired,the mechanism being the residence mobility barriers induced by affordable housing policy supplemented by the commuting barriers and the information search barriers.(2)The two-stage causality is verified at both employment and public service consumption levels:the Tobit regression estimation confirms that the implementation of affordable housing policy has a significant negative impact on the job accessibility of policy-receivers,and the orderly Logistic regression estimation confirms that the job accessibility has a significant positive impact on the employment welfare of policy-receivers;the OLS regression estimation confirms that the implementation of affordable housing policy has a significant negative impact on the reachability of public service facilities,and the orderly Logistic regression estimation confirms that the reachability of the public service facilities has a significant positive impact on the public service consumption welfare of policy-receivers.(3)Based on the mediation effect test model by applying Bootstrap method,this paper confirms the existence of the influencing path of "affordable housing policy implementation-spatial separation-welfare impaired",and the implementation of affordable housing policy has indeed triggered the individual-scale spatial mismatch at both the employment level and the public service consumption level.However,the mediation effect of job accessibility(the indirect effect)accounts for a small proportion of the overall effect of affordable housing policy implementation on the employment benefits.The policy-receivers' proactive choice of sacrificing employment benefits so as to enjoy housing benefits may be the main reason for the afore-mentioned small proportion accounted by spatial mismatch effect.The mediation effect(the indirect effect)of the reachability of public service facilities also accounts for a small proportion of the overall effect of affordable housing policy implementation on the public service consumer welfare,and the mismatch between the diverse public service supplied by the diverse distribution of public service facilities around affordable houses and public service consumption demand caused by may be the main reason.(4)According to the behavioral response and feedback of the policy-receivers,this paper proposes that it is necessary to guide and regulate the living behavior of the policy-receivers from the aspects of affordable housing providing,affordable housing allocation,affordable housing exit,housing adjustment between policy-receivers,and monetary subsidy.And it is necessary to guide and regulate the employment behavior of the policy-receivers from the aspects of increasing employment opportunities,providing job opportunities and encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship.It is also necessary to guide and regulate the public service consumption behavior of the policy-receivers from three aspects.The first one is to enhance the connection between the policy-receivers and the public service facilities in the urban life circle,The second one is to improve the openness of the public service facilities in the basic life circle to the policy-receivers.The third one is to implement the category and quality of public service facilities in the fundamental life circle.