Elaborating power-control theory: Predicting gender differences in social bonds, perceived sanction threats, and low self-control

This study proposes that additional links may be made to Hagan's power-control theory of gender differences in delinquency. Specifically, this research posits that the effect of gender on the theoretical variables of attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief, perceived threats of shame and embarrassment, and self-control, is structured by the level of patriarchy in the family of origin. Furthermore, the variables of maternal and paternal controls should account for these differences.; Data gathered in the 1994 Oklahoma City Survey generally do not provide support for the inclusion of the social bonding variables of commitment, involvement, and belief, or the perceived threat of shame in the power-control model. Revisions of power-control theory should consider further exploration of parental attachment, as well as other attachments, perceived threats of embarrassment as well as legal sanctions, and a refined measure of risk preferences. Furthermore, the relevance of power-control theory in the explanation of gender differences in adult proclivities toward criminal behavior also should be explored.