| The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed to accelerate the reform of the ecological civilization system,emphasizing the establishment of a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism,and pointed out that ecological beneficiary areas and protected areas should be encouraged and guided to establish horizontal compensation relationships through various forms to achieve regional ecological sharing.Build co-governance and share.Urban agglomerations are important carriers for realizing regional cooperation,complementary advantages,and coordinated development.It is of great significance to explore regional horizontal ecological compensation within urban agglomerations.This paper studies and uses theories and methods of ecosystem service value theory,externality theory,development right theory,and game theory to construct a theoretical framework and comprehensive model for measuring and calculating regional ecological compensation in the urban agglomeration system.Taking Beijing-TianjinHebei as an example,choose ecological conservation Zhangjiakou and Chengde in the district are the areas for field investigation and questionnaire survey,in-depth analysis of the Beij ing-Tianjin-Hebei ecological-economic spatial pattern,clarifying the ecological benefit areas and protection areas,comprehensively calculating the value of ecological compensation,and designing the regional ecological compensation policy in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei system Provide technical support to provide a theoretical basis for the state to guide the urban agglomeration system to carry out regional horizontal ecological protection compensation.The main points and conclusions are as follows:(1)"Why compensation" is the prerequisite of regional ecological compensation.The theoretical basis of regional ecological compensation in the urban agglomeration system mainly includes the spillover value of the ecosystem service area,the direct cost of ecological environmental protection and the development opportunity cost,and including the willingness of regional ecological compensation,taking into account the regional economy.The level of development,ability to pay,and land and space planning can construct a theoretical framework for regional ecological compensation within a"service-right-negotiation" urban agglomeration.(2)"Who makes up for whom" is the key to regional ecological compensation.The spillover value of ecosystem services serves as an important basis for distinguishing ecological protection areas and ecological benefit areas.The ecological consumption coefficient based on the ecological footprint model can be constructed to determine the ecological protection area.The protected area is an ecological compensation city,and the ecological benefit area is an ecological compensation city.(3)"How much to make up" is the core of regional ecological compensation.The comprehensive measurement model of regional ecological compensation in the urban agglomeration system reflects the "value-cost-willingness",including the ecosystem service equivalent factor method,ecological footprint method,development opportunity cost measurement method,and contingent value method of compensation willingness estimation method.And incorporate the ecological compensation adjustment coefficient of regional social economic development and financial payment capacity to be scientific,reasonable and operability.(4)The difference between the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ecological and economic regions is obvious.Using the comprehensive regional ecological compensation model and 2017 data,the ecologically compensated cities include Zhangjiakou,Chengde,Qinhuangdao,Langfang,Baoding and Hengshui,with an annual compensation amount of 150 million to 51 million The most compensated city is Zhangjiakou City,which is worth 5.1 billion yuan;the compensation cities include Beijing,Tianjin,Shijiazhuang,Tangshan,Handan,Cangzhou,and the compensation amount ranges from 200 to 10 billion yuan.The city with the most compensation is Beijing,Up to 10 billion yuan;Xingtai City is a median area of ecological compensation,which can be arranged according to the social and economic development,and the remaining ecological compensation funds are used for the construction of overall ecological facilities in the urban agglomeration.(5)Steady implementation of regional ecological compensation for urban agglomerations,it is recommended to give priority to piloting regional ecological compensation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations,speed up the construction of a regional ecological compensation mechanism for urban agglomerations with unified rights and responsibilities,and reasonably divide ecological protection within the urban agglomeration system Establish a standard system of ecological compensation for urban agglomerations and ecological benefit areas. |
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