Research On Ecological Compensation Standard Of National Key Ecological Functional Areas Based On Double Effect Assessment

Ecological security is an important component of national security.Ecological environment is not only a political issue related to the Party’s mission,but also a social issue related to people’s livelihood.Ecological compensation based on the establishment and improvement of ecological and environmental value realization mechanism has become an important incentive and constraint system for the construction of ecological civilization and has great significance for promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development.Since the establishment of national key ecological functional zones,environmental regulation policies have restricted the local economic development and greatly affected the development level of local industrialization and urbanization and people’s living standards.In order to ensure the enthusiasm of local governments in implementing the policies for the establishment of national key ecological functional zones,ecological transfer payments should be made to the sites of the establishment of national key ecological functional zones according to the theoretical requirements of the internalization of externalities.As can be seen from the implementation objectives and allocation mechanism of transfer payment for national key ecological functional zones during the pilot period,this transfer payment is mainly intended to make up for the gap of fiscal revenue and expenditure in providing public services in the locations of ecological functional zones,improve their ability to guarantee basic public services,and encourage and guide local governments to increase investment in ecological and environmental protection.As an important part of the ecological civilization system,the ecological compensation system is an important means to fulfill the rights and responsibilities of ecological protection,mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in ecological protection,and promote the construction of ecological civilization.However,from the results of the implementation of the policy,the dual goals of ecological protection and improving people’s livelihood cannot be fully realized.The reasons are mainly as follows:first,people’s livelihood and environmental protection goals conflict.The total amount of ecological compensation funds is fixed,but dual policy goals are taken into account;Second,the scale of transfer payments does not match the needs of ecological and environmental protection,which is closely related to the lack of scientific estimation of ecological compensation standards.Third,the policy mechanism of ecological compensation is not perfect.The diversified and market-based compensation input mechanism based on policy objectives has not yet been formed and needs to be optimized.At this time,methods and policies to improve the efficiency of ecological and environmental effects of ecological transfer payments in national key ecological functional areas need to be put forward,and the first thing is to reasonably calculate the ecological compensation standard for national key ecological functional areas.Reasonable compensation standard is the premise of effective implementation of ecological compensation in national key ecological functional areas,and is also the key to ensure the bottom line of ecological security and realize the value of ecological products.Establishing reasonable ecological compensation standard is an important means to solve the conflict of interests of stakeholders.Based on this,this paper constructs a cost-benefit analysis framework from three aspects: ecological compensation amount,ecological environmental benefits and public service benefits.Taking Shanxi Province as an example,the bidirectional fixed-effect model and opportunity cost method are used to evaluate the dual effects of ecological compensation in the national key ecological functional areas of Shanxi Province from2012 to 2018,and the compensation standard is studied.The results show that:(1)The impact of ecological compensation on the ecological environment and public services is positive.Overall,it improves the environmental quality represented by the atmosphere and integrates the livelihood guarantee of education,medical care and social security,but the impact coefficient is low and lack of efficiency.(2)From the perspective of standard scale,this study selects the opportunity cost method based on classified accounting to estimate the amount of opportunity cost of national key ecological functional areas,and defines the rewards and punishments to confirm the final ecological compensation standard.The compensation standard based on opportunity cost is much higher than that based on the gap between financial revenues and expenditures.(3)Select representative counties of four types of ecological functional zones to quantitatively compare the compensation amount of established facts and the ecological environment and public service benefits assessed by the amount based on the compensation standard of opportunity cost.The method of opportunity cost as the compensation standard is more conducive to the improvement of compensation efficiency,and the ecological compensation has more significant effects on the environment and people’s livelihood.Based on the theoretical mechanism research and empirical design analysis results of this paper,as well as the quantitative comparative analysis results of the cost-benefit analysis framework,the ecological compensation system of the national key ecological functional areas is optimized,and the mechanism optimization suggestions are given from three dimensions of compensation concept,compensation method and compensation standard,so as to realize the coordination between economic development and ecological construction.To promote the ecological compensation policy of the binocular target to realize.