The Psychosomatic Synergistic Effect Of Standing And Abdominal Breathing Training Was Analyzed By Applying Multi-scale Entropy Algorithm

Research background and purposesThe continuous high-intensity mental workload and persistent negative emotions in modern people’s work and life can easily accumulate into repeated fatigue and cause irreversible physical symptoms.Furthermore,patients with chronic diseases who endure disease symptoms in their daily lives will have a negative impact on their mood.Clinics often pay attention to the treatment of physical diseases,and the interaction between the mind and body is easily neglected.The integrate three adjustments into one of Qigong can regulate on the mind and body at the same time.Breath is the bridge connecting the mind and body.It is very important to carry out research on the interaction of breathing regulation on the body and mind from the perspective of health preservation and treatment.Under the guidance of the holistic view from Chinese medicine and the theory of "integrate three adjustments into one"from Chinese Medical Qigong,this study adopted the synchronization of the central,autonomic nervous systems and balance functions before and after the intervention of three-circle post standing qigong(TCPSQ)and/or abdominal breathing(BR)in subjects without concomitant diseases.To explore the effects of body adjustment and breath adjustment on the physiological complex systems and the relationship between the internal and outer structure of the body by simultaneous and phased monitoring.Research methodAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,72 subjects without basic diseases were included for 8-week TCPSQ combined with BR or only TCPSQ intervention,the training process were 2 weeks and practicing process were 6 weeks followed.According to the study design,the phased and simultaneous monitoring of electroencephalogram(EEG),electrocardiogram(ECG),and plantar pressure signals(center of pressure,COP)were collected at 0 and 8 weeks after enrollment.Through the compare the pre-post intervention effects between the intervention group and the control group.Simultaneous monitor was take at the resting state before TCPSQ state,TCPSQ state,the resting state after TCPSQ state,the TCPSQ-BR state,and the resting state after the TCPSQ-BR state,to analyze the change of brain activities,heart rate variability and balance ability,as well as the causality between the central nervous system(CNS),autonomic nervous system(ANS)and balance adjustment system,the variance analysis was used to compare the changes between groups and within groups to explore the effect of body adjustment and breath regulation on the functional activities of various complex systems and their interrelationships.Research resultsThere are five parts of results:1.The effects of the breath regulation(1)At visit 2,the breathing frequency of each state in the intervention group was lower than the baseline period,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);in the same period,the control group only show significant difference in the TCPSQ with sham abdominal breath regulation state compared with the baseline period(P<0.05).Comparing the peak interval of the abdominal undulation,it was found that there were significant differences between the TCPSQ state and resting state follows(RS 3)of the intervention group(P<0.05).Both results represents a decrease in the breathing rate of the intervention group,and there was no significant change in the control group during the same period.In the pre-post comparison of the thoracic and abdominal undulation between the two groups,the abdominal undulation of the control group were significantly reduced after the intervention,and the resting states(RS 1,RS 2)before and after the TCPSQ state have significant differences compare to the baseline period(P<0.05),suggesting that the breathing method and undulation way have been adjusted effectively.2.Mind regulation effect analysis(1)The inter-lead connection level in the TCPSQ-BR state of the intervention group was the lowest,followed by a significant increase in the resting state 3;the control group had the lowest level of connection between the stance state and the resting state 2 and the connection level of the resting state 3 was still Lower than the intervention group.(2)The comparison between the two groups found that the MSE values of the three resting states(RS1,RS 2,RS 3)and the TCPSQ-BR states,the intervention group was higher than TCPSQ group,other states are lower,suggesting the increase in the complexity of brain activities by the breathing adjustment is higher than the body adjustment only.3.Body regulation effect analysis(1)The comparison of the two groups on the center of pressure trajectory length in different states showed that the post-intervention was longer than the baseline period,and the length at following states are decreasing.The not significant difference may suggests the muscle and respiratory factors mixed in the body adjustment progress,resulting in a short-term stability decline,but we found a trend of stability gradually rises and the influence factors declined follow the time line.(2)Multiscale entropy comparison found that the intervention group have lower value than the control group,TCPSQ state is the only state intervention group shows higher value than the control group.This suggests that body adjustment can improve the complexity of the balance system,when combined with the TCPSQ with breath regulation intervention,it may interferes with the complexity of the balance system,and further practice is required.4.ANS system effect analysis(1)In the longitudinal comparison of heart rate R-R interval in different states,the R-R interval in the intervention group increased after intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The R-R interval in the intervention group was only slightly higher than that in the baseline period,and the difference was not significant(P>0.05),and other states were lower than that in the baseline period.At visit 2,the range of R-R interval was reduced and the heart rate variability was lower than intervention group.The R-R interval of the intervention groups was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).It is suggested that the heart rate of the control group is always higher than intervention group,and the heart rate of the sham breath regulation is the highest.The heart rate of the two groups increased in the TCPSQ state and the TCPSQ-BR state,and then decreased at RS 2 and RS 3 states.This trend is similar to that of sports,but it recovered rapidly in the following resting state.(2)The results of Multiscale entropy showed that the complexity of baseline period was slightly higher than visit 2 states,and there was no significant difference in the complexity of visit 2 resting states.The control group was higher than the intervention group,suggests that the body adjustment has a greater impact on the complexity of heart rate restore,and the health level of the system is higher.The reason may be intervention group needs further practice to integrate body and breath adjustments to achieve "psychosomatic coordination".5.Mind body synergy effect analysis(1)To compare the causality between respiratory and EEG signals,results show that the highest causality at TCPSQ-BR state,and the intervention group have higher causality than the control group.This may show the power of abdominal breath regulation.(2)The causality between respiratory and ECG signal show an increasing trend at pre-post intervention period.intervention group could affect visceral nervous activities by breath regulation,while control group couldn’t.(3)The center of pressure changes show there’s a trending of raise of the signal causality,but the difference is more focus on the breath regulation and pay attention to breath.(4)EEG and ECG are both nerve system signals,which mean the fastest information transmission progress can be catch by the causality between these two signals.Result show the control group subjects have higher signal causality at TCPSQ-BR state,even larger than intervention group,this phenomenon may suggest if pay too much attention on breathing,the nerve system will reflect as a temporary overload causality.(5)EEG and center of pressure do have causality,especially when intervention group’s practicing TCPSQ-BR state,and the peak causality coefficient show on TCPSQ group’s TCPSQ state.This give us a clue of both body and breath regulation could make adjustment on balance ability,our research result show that body regulation have stronger effect on balance adjustment,the reason may contribute to the CNS-muscle system is more efficient than the ANS-muscle system.(6)The result of ECG and COP relationship suggest the causality relationship between two signals are not clear,same result show in both groups,this may suggests current analysis method is not suitable to make causality research between these two complex systems,further pilot study may required in the future.Research conclusion1.MSE(1)The complexity of brain function activity after the intervention of the TCPSQ-BR is higher than that of only the TCPSQ.Which may represents better regulation and promotion.(2)The TCPSQ-BR has a regulatory effect on the functional activities of the autonomic nervous system;Qigong’s body-regulating and breath-regulating training have the trend of regulating cardiovascular function,which helps to maintain the cardiopulmonary system.(3)The TCPSQ-BR can stabilize the balance system,and the effect is better than that of TCPSQ.2.Causality(1)Communicate inside and outside the body through conscious and active BR could strengthen coordination between systems,and regulate the functional activities of each system better than TCPSQ,which is helpful for the communication and regulation of different systems of the human body.(2)It reflects the follow-up effect of qigong practice,and highlights the difference between abdominal breathing operation and excessive attention to breathing.