The Strong Grammatical Feature And Its Relevant Study On Syntactic Phenomena Of Chinese

Noam Chomsky cancels D-structure and S-structure in Minimalist Program,only retains PF interface layer and LF interface layer,and points out that all syntactic derivation is to satisfy the PF and LF conditions.In the framework of the Minimalists Scheme,the lexical items participate in syntactic derivation in full form,so feature checking becomes the key syntactic derivational technology.However,the grammatical features are not uniform in intensity,some are strong,and the others are weak.The strong features can not be "tolerated" by the PF interface layer,so it must be checked and erased before spell out.Conversely,weak features can be "tolerated" by the PF interface layer.Driven by economic principle,the weak feature checking can be postponed to the LF interface layer.In other words,strong features will lead to overt syntactic derivation,while weak features will not.The paper will explore a group of Chinese grammatical phenomena from this perspective,and the analysis of specific cases will deepen the understanding to the feature checking theory.The object-oriented adverbials are a kind of syntactic and semantic "mismatch" in Chinese.The analysis from the perspective of Cognitive Reference Points divides the clause into two major categories and some subcategories,and makes a clear description on them,and also explains the operation mechanism behind the grammatical phenomenon,but the analysis may make the simple matter into the complexity.The analysis from the perspective of Control Theory simplifies the syntactic rules in certain extent,which accords with the minimalism,but it causes the difficulty of the verb to cross the state adjective phrases which are in the adjunction position.Guided by the Bounded Structure Theory,the complement clause analysis employs the four possible positions of adjuncts constructed by Dai Manchun(2003:124-125),but none of the four adjuncts positions is semantically oriented to the object constituent.Guided by the Extended Feature Checking theory(EFC),the paper integrates the causative and non-causative object-oriented adverbials into one syntactic model for unified analysis.The paper argues that the base position of object-oriented adverbials/the state adjective phrase is in the attributive position.The object-oriented adverbial is the key information which is emphasized by the speaker,and it has the uninterpretable and strong[FOCUS]feature.It is the formal strong[FOCUS]feature that causes the overt movement and the "mismatch" between syntax and the semantics.The Polynomial Nouns Adverbial is the "NN de(?)V" construction researched by Prof.Xing Fuyi(1988).The polynomial nouns phrase is argument-oriented in structure and cumulative in semantics,and is constructed a kind of "minor exaggeration" in pragmatics.The paper argues that the polynomial nouns phrase is the key information which the speaker emphasizes,is the focus of the sentence,and has a strong uninterpretable[FOCUS]feature.Driven by the feature,the polynomial nouns phrase is raised to the specifier of the focus phrase,that is,the adverbial position on the line.The paper holds that "de(?)" is a functional head which is specially used to project the syntactic position for adverbials,so that adverbial can have its own specific position in structure,just like subject and object.And the conveying function of adverbial is correspondingly reflected in structure.Inverted sentences are also called translocation sentences.Syntactic component shift is a common linguistic phenomenon in colloquial language.The shifted syntactic component can be in situ,and the fronted component has the grammatical stress and the strong uninterpretable[FOCUS]feature,which is the focus information of the sentence.It is the strong uninterpretable[FOCUS]feature that drives the syntactic movement,and the landing place of the fronted component is the specifier of the outer layer focus(external focus)phrase.Because the final particles are not independent in phonology,a fusion operation occurs during the adhesion of final particles to VP.In that case,the final particle which is adhesive at the end of sentence can be pied-piping with the host,which causes the final particle to be adhesive to the fronted syntactic component at last.The external focus is compared with the internal focus,and the external focus lies in the outer layer of Force Phrase.The distribution of the external focus is complementary to the internal focus."Ba(?)" Construction is one of the concerning focus in academic field of Chinese grammar.There have been some viewpoints on its grammatical meaning,such as disposition theory,influence theory,causation theory and control theory.These four viewpoints have certain explanatory and applicable scope.The paper finds that the NP after "Ba(?)" is a sub-topic of a sentence and has strong and uninterpretable[SUB-TOP]features,while"Ba(?)" is a marker of sub-topic.According to the Extended Feature Checking Theory(EFC),the paper holds that the NP after "Ba(?)" in order to erase the strong and uninterpretable[SUB-TOP]feature,it will be moved to the specifier of the sub-topic phrase for feature checking,and "XP+NP+VP" will be generated.As a sub-topic marker,"Ba(?)" is inserted directly before the sub-topic NP by"Ba(?)-support" and"XP+Ba(?)NP+VP"is generated.The paper argues that the "Ba(?)" Construction does not have an independent syntactic status,and it is a syntactic means to express the sub-topic."Men(?)" can function as the activator of the weak[DEFINITE]feature of noun besides the functioning as being plural,being category,being rhetoric.Immaterial nouns and non-abstract nouns have the[DEFINITE]feature inherently,but their strength is diverse.Strong feature is visible in derivation system and the weak feature is hibernate.If the weak feature is activated by the activator,it can be visible.If the[DEFINITE]feature of noun in the "N+men(?)" is weak,"men(?)" functions as the activator,otherwise it functions as reinforcement,i.e.,the construction of "N+men(?)" has the[DEFINITE]feature.That's why the construction of "N+men(?)" has less chance to be object,.but it can often be used as the topic at the beginning of the sentence.