| "Ancient times" is an important period in the study of Chinese history,and "traffic vocabulary" is an important category of Chinese vocabulary in that period.A comprehensive investigation and analysis of the basic features and evolution of ancient Chinese traffic vocabulary is of great value to understand the characteristics of ancient Chinese vocabulary and enrich the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary.This paper takes ancient Chinese traffic vocabulary as the object of study,19 Ancient Books and documents as the corpus,uses traditional exegetics and modern Lexical Semantics Research methods,uses cognitive metaphor and metonymy theory for reference,carries on the synchronic static description of ancient Chinese traffic vocabulary,and carries on the analysis to the diachronic lexical evolution and lexical meaning evolution of ancient Chinese traffic vocabulary.And research.The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:Firstly,according to the classification of professional vocabulary,206 words with traffic meaning are sorted out from the ancient literature.According to their semantic characteristics,they are divided into three categories: vehicle vocabulary,boat vocabulary and road vocabulary.Among them,149 are vehicle vocabulary,26 are boat vocabulary and 31 are road vocabulary.The classification of bit categories,and then the analysis of the semantic attributes,generation attributes and use attributes of each category,to explore the semantic differences of word items,the source of word meanings and the frequency of use.Secondly,the paper studies the evolution of traffic vocabulary in ancient Chinese from a diachronic point of view,and analyses the characteristics of convergence and evolution of traffic vocabulary in the three stages of pre-ancient,mid-ancient and post-ancient,and explores the method of word-building of ancient Chinese traffic vocabulary.It is found that in terms of time and quantity of new words,the middle period of ancient times is the most important stage for the emergence of new words.In terms of the morphological structure of new words,monosyllabic words dominate in the early period of ancient times,and disyllabic words become the mainstream of new words in the middle and late period of ancient times.In terms of time and quantity of vocabulary weakness,there are few use cases in the late period of ancient times or in the middle and late period of ancient times.Words,far more than the middle and Late Ancient useless words,while at the same time,the number of new words decreased sharply.It can be seen that,in the Late Ancient times,traffic vocabulary showed a coexistence of stability and extinction.The word-building methods of traffic vocabulary in ancient Chinese mainly include five categories: arbitrary combination of sound and meaning,derivation of cognate words,illustration,analogy and metonymy.Thirdly,this paper describes the evolution of the meaning of traffic words in ancient Chinese from a diachronic perspective,comprehensively investigates the extension phenomena of the meaning of vehicles,boats and roads,and analyses the extension paths and types,and explores the extent of the extension of the meaning of traffic words in ancient Chinese.It is found that 78 words in ancient Chinese traffic vocabulary have extended meanings.In terms of the number of extended meanings,traffic vocabulary is the most,followed by road,the least boats;in terms of the mean of extended meanings,road is the most,followed by vehicle,the least boats.Through the analysis of the extended power of traffic words,we find that there are 19 strong extended words and 50 weak extended words in ancient Chinese traffic words.The number of strong and weak extended words is inversely proportional to the number and mean of extended meanings,and is proportional to the frequency of use.Fourthly,on the basis of summing up the extended meanings of traffic vocabulary in ancient Chinese,this paper analyses the distribution characteristics and meaning tendency of the semantic categories,explores the cognitive mechanism of metaphor and metonymy in the change of the meaning of traffic vocabulary in ancient Chinese,and summarizes the evolution model of the meaning of traffic vocabulary in ancient Chinese.It is found that the extended meanings of traffic vocabulary in ancient Chinese are mainly distributed in nine semantic categories: human,behavior,entity,whole,category,nature,Abstract things,unit of measurement and time.According to the statistics,we find that the overall meaning tendency of traffic vocabulary in ancient Chinese is four semantic categories: action,Abstract thing,entity and whole.In ancient Chinese traffic vocabulary,there are 56 extended meanings based on metaphorical thinking mechanism.Under the metaphorical mode,the general trend of the evolution of traffic vocabulary meaning in ancient Chinese is "abstract things".There are 118 extended meanings based on metonymic mechanism.Under the metonymic mode,the general trend of the evolution of traffic vocabulary meaning in ancient Chinese is "behavioral activities". |
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