The Effects Of Hypoxic Endurance Training On Body Weight And Glucose Metabolism In Obesity Rats

In this study, 130 obesity rats were divided into 13 groups for 0 week control group, hypoxic control 1 week group, hypoxic control 2 weeks group, hypoxic control 3 weeks group, hypoxic control 4 week group, normoxic training 1 week group, normoxic training 2 weeks group, normoxic training 3 weeks group, normoxic training 4 weeks group, hypoxic training 1 week group, hypoxic training 2 weeks group, hypoxic training 3 weeks group and hypoxic training 4 weeks group, after the success of obesity rats model.The oxygen concentration of hypoxic control and hypoxic training was 13.6%, about altitude of 3 500 m. The horizontal treadmill speed was 20m/min in hypoxic, while 25m/min in normoxic, and all the training groups were arranged to train 1hour per day and 6 days per week for 4 weeks.The soleus, Anterior tibial muscle, gastrocnemius, epididymis fat and kidney fat were removed from obesity rats after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks in the 0 week control group, hypoxic control groups, mormoxic training groups and hypoxic training groups.The gene expression of Hif-1?, CS-2, NAD+-IDH3?, DLST-2, HK-2, 6-PFK, PKM mRNA were tested by Real time PCR in muscle organs. The protein content of Hif-1?, CS, IDH,?-KGDHC, HK, 6-PFK, PK were tested by ELISA in muscle organs.This paper is aimed to discuss the effects of hypoxic endurance training on the body weith and glucose metabolism in obesity rats.Result:1. The body weight of hypoxic training group at week 1, 2 (436.70±21.90, 440.80±29.96g) are lower than that of normoxic training group and the hypoxic control group at week 1, 2 (461.60±29.52, 467.90±22.96, 461.20±25.76, 487.00±28.52g) with significant difference. (P <0.05 or P <0.01)The body weight of hypoxic training group at week 3, 4 weight (453.40±27.66, 455.20±32.55g) are lower than that of hypoxic control group at week 3, 4 (514.10±35.41, 514.2±35.85g) with significant difference (P <0.01), and lower than that of normoxic training group at week 3, 4 (462.90±32.01, 476.67±29.64g) with no significant difference (P> 0.05).2. The weight of anterior tibial muscle in hypoxic training group at week 1, 2, 4 are lower than that of normoxic training group and hypoxic control group with no significant difference t (P> 0.05).There is an increasing trend of the weight of soleus muscle in hypoxic training groups. The weight of hypoxic training group at week 4 (0.407±0.042g) is higher than the level of week 1 (0.363±0.022g) with significant difference (P <0.05).3. The weight of perirenal fat in hypoxic training group at week 3, 4 (1.385±0.389, 1.368±0.604g) are lower than that of the hypoxic control group (2.167±0.526, 2.028±0.510g) with significant difference(P <0.01).The weight of epididymis fat of hypoxic training group at week 3, 4 (3.292±0.629, 3.675±1.412, 3.785±1.573 g) are lower than that of normoxic training group and the hypoxic control group at 2, 3, 4 week (4.249±0.825, 4.164±2.048, 4.054±0.709, 4.627±1.285, 5.419±1.243, 5.242±1.243g) with significant difference (P <0.05 or P <0.01).4. The Lee's index of hypoxic training group decreased by week. Its levle of 1, 2, 3, 4 week (320.91±9.30, 309.28±5.18, 303.65±7.99, 302.72±4.82) are lower than the control 0 week group (325.88±10.79) with difference significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01).The fat body ratio of hypoxic training group at week 1, 2, 3, 4 (1.130±0.205, 1.098±0.204, 1.103±0.331, 1.115±0.401) are lower than that of the hypoxic control group at week 1, 2, 3, 4 (1.275±0.384, 1.373±0.289, 1.467±0.239, 1.406±0.221) with significant difference between 2, 3, 4 weeks (P <0.05 or P <0.01)5. The CS-2 mRNA expression of hypoxic training group at week 4 in soleus muscle (0.2429±0.00878) is higher than that of hypoxic training at week 1, 2, 3 (0.1839±0.0307, 0.2027±0.0501, 0.1809±0.0165)with no significant difference (P> 0.05).The CS protein content of normoxic and hypoxia training group at week 4 in soleus muscle (10.246±2.425, 10.056±1.542 U / L) is higher than that of hypoxic control group week 4 (7.987±1.152 U / L ) with the significant difference is (P<0.05).6. The NAD +-IDH3?mRNA expression of hypoxic training group at week 1, 2, 3, 4 in soleus muscle (0.0979±0.0153, 0.1112±0.0393, 0.0861±0.0145, 0.1444±0.0563) are higher than that of the 0 week control group (0.0540±0.0205) with significant difference (P<0.05 or P<0.01). While the levle of hypoxic training at week 4 is higher than normoxic training and hypoxic control group at 4 week (0.0962± 0.0225, 0.0827±0.0168) with significant difference (P <0.05 or P <0.01).The IDH protein content of hypoxic training group in soleus muscle decreased by week. It's levle of the hypoxic at week 4 (182.778±145.151 mIU / L) is lower than normoxic training group and the hypoxic control group (359.167±74.342, 521.875±90.692 mIU / L) with significant difference (P <0.01).7. The DLST-2 mRNA expression of hypoxic training group at week 1, 2, 3, 4 in soleus muscle (0.0723±0.0071, 0.086±0.0155, 0.0826±0.0182, 0.0673±0.0211) are lower than that of the control 0 week group (0.1510±0.0346) with significant difference (P <0.01).The?-KGDHC protein conten of hypoxic training group at week 2, 3, 4 in soleus muscle are higher than that of the normoxic training group and the hypoxic control group with significant difference (P <0.01).8. The Hif-1?mRNA expression of hypoxic training group and the normoxic training group in soleus muscle showed up-regulated by week, and the levle of the hypoxic training group and the normoxic training group at week 1, 2, 3, 4 are higher than the control 0 week group (0.0161±0.0043) with significant difference (P <0.01).The Hif-1?protein content of hypoxic training group at week 2, 3, 4 in soleus muscle (21.625±3.603, 22.759±3.364, 22.293±2.324 ng / L) are higher than that of the control 0 week group and hypoxic training group at week 1 (16.573±2.771, 9.289±2.215ng / L) with significant difference (P <0.01). The Hif-1?protein content of hypoxic training group of hypoxic training group at week 2, 3, 4 in the soleus muscle are higher than that of the hypoxic control groups with significant difference (P <0.01).9. The trend is very similar of HK-2 mRNA expression between the hypoxic training group and normoxic training group in anterior tibialis muscle. The HK-2 mRNA expression of hypoxic training group at week 1, 2 in anterior tibialis muscle (0.00422±0.00307, 0.00344±0.00188) are higher than that of the hypoxic control group at week 1, 2 (0.00061±0.00049, 0.00056±0.00037) with significant difference (P <0.01).The HK protein content of hypoxic training group at 2, 3 week in anterior tibialis muscle (160.283±32.228,143.361±44.057mU / L) are lower than that of the normoxic training group and hypoxia control group (227.054±76.836, 236.987±71.707, 207.172±24.441, 255.847±68.141mU / L) with significant difference (P <0.05 or P <0.01). 10. The 6-PFK mRNA expression of hypoxic training group in anterior tibialis began to decrease from 1 week (0.0736±0.0251). And its levle is lower than control 0 week group (0.2053±0.0945) with significant difference. The 6-PFK mRNA expression of hypoxic training group at 1, 2, 3, 4 week in anterior tibialis muscle is lower than that of normoxic training groups and the hypoxic control group.The 6-PFK protein content of hypoxic training group at 2, 3 week in tibialis anterior muscle (31.462±6.784,31.371±7.189 IU / L) is low, compared with control 0 week and hypoxia control group at 2, 3 weeks (39.301±9.791,47.643±6.093,43.058±4.860 IU / L) with significant difference (P <0.05 or P <0.01).11. The PKM mRNA expression of hypoxic training group at week 1 in anterior tibialis muscle (2.1617±0.8050) is higher than that of the control 0 week group (1.2307±0.4479) with significant difference (P <0.01).The PK protein content of hypoxic training group at week 2, 3, 4 (928.125±261.465, 91.875±83.150, 698.125±184.157mU / L) are lower than that of the contro0 week and the hypoxic training group at l week (1272.500±387.198,1572.857±491.544, 1266.429±428.006, 1327.143±473.276 mU / L) with significant difference (P <0.01).12. The Hif-1?mRNA expression of hypoxic training group at 1, 2, 3, 4 week in anterior tibialis muscle (0.0330±0.0084,0.0447±0.0282, 0.0557±0.0218, 0.0652±0.0113)are lower than that of the control 0 week (0.1121±0.0411 ) with significant difference (P <0.01).The hif-1?protein content of hypoxic training group at week 1, 2, 3, 4 in gastrocnemius (33.293±5.630, 34.479±5.712, 28.656±7.380, 26.627±7.225 ng / L) are higher than normoxic training group at week1, 2 , 3, 4 (18.314±5.891, 14.185±8.479, 17.191±6.914, 17.345±6.740 ng / L) with significant difference (P <0.05 or P <0.01), but the hif-1?protein content of the hypoxic training group at week 2, 3, are less than hypoxic control group at week 2, 3, 4 (39.201±7.499, 37.399±3.697, 36.863±4.553) with significant difference (P <0.05 or P <0.01).Conclusions:1. Hypoxic training is more effective on the controling of body weight, fat growth of muscle, compared with normoxic training and hypoxic control.2. The long-term hypoxia quite stimulation is not conducive to reduce the growth of visceral fat. 3. Hypoxic training can enhance the body's aerobic capacity by the increasing gene expression of N?D +-IDH3?, CS mRNA, and the improving of protein content of CS and?-KGDHC in slow muscle.4. Hypoxic training may be reduce the body's anaerobic capacity through reduce HK-2 ,6-PFK mRNA expression and the protein level of HK-2 and PK in fast muscle.5. The gene expression of HIF-1?mRNA will present various reponse in different type of muscle tissues with normoxic training, hypoxic control and hypoxic training. Namely, it's expression will be upgrade in slow muscle tissue, while decreased in fast muscle tissue.