Psychological And Social Roots Of The Bystander

As a form of moral indifference,bystanding has always been concerned by public opinion and academic research.From the ontological perspective,The bystander is a person or group that does not take positive action when others are in urgent need of help.According to the degree of moral indifference of the bystanders and the distance of the event,the bystanders can be divided into four types:the conscious bystander,the unconscious bystander,the careless bystander in the media environment and actively involved in the media environment.The bystanders'characteristics mainly include:first,doing nothing,in the face of sudden moral events,the bystanders often stay in order to avoid being involved,or because of the media pressure,lacking of independent moral action to help others;Secondly,selfishness,the bystander have a self-centered nature in the behavior,cognition and emotion;Third,instability,the instability of the bystanders is mainly manifested by the influence of the external situation and individual emotional state.Fourth,the violation of the morality,the bystanders with specific moral situation,and in a negative way deviate from the moral spirit of the requirements,therefore having the violation of the morality.From the characteristics of the bystander,it can be seen that bystanders have a tendency toward malignancy.Bystanders eliminate their own morality of "inaction",indirectly harm the security and interests of other people in a negative way,poison social atmosphere,and restrain the school education.On the basis of relevant theoretical research,the psychological structure of different types of bystanders is constructed according to the psychological behavior of different types of bystanders.Among them,the psychological structure of the conscious bystanders mainly includes paying attention to moral events,forming immature empathy,moral evaluation lacking action,generating motivation conflicts in the help myself and help others,and resolving moral guilt.The psychological structure of the unconscious bystanders mainly relates to the lack of moral sensibility,self-centered perceiving moral situation,exclusion of others' responsibility consciousness,forming on the indifferent behavior stereotypes.The psychological structure of distant bystanders mainly experiences the four stages of accepting commercial and entertaining media presupposition,subjecting to the moral perception of media,interpreting media information in preferred position and forming negative motivation of using media.To explore conscious bystanders,unconscious bystanders and distant bystanders realistic foundation of psychological behavior model,this study adopts the method of empirical investigation,the investigation of different types of bystanders reality performance,and to prepare to distinguish between different types of bystanders on the college students as the subjects of psychological behavior questionnaire.As a kind of social problem,bystander phenomenon cannot be analyzed without the perspective of social analysis.First of all,modern society has a way of survival to the interests of the individual as the center,dispelling moral relationship between self and others,in the face of moral situation,the value orientation of to have collapse emotional and spiritual connection between people,interpersonal relations between natural value was replaced by being materialistic and competitive relations,leading to the moral subject can't see the other people's moral need,become indifferent in others unhappy situation.Secondly,as the organizational mechanism of the modern society,in the bureaucracy the specialized,the power level,the rules and regulations and the characteristics of impersonality,to some extent,clearing up the moral spirit of the moral subject.In the face of the moral needs of others,the individual moral responsibility is cancelled by the role and rules of bureaucracy.The bureaucratic system obstructs the moral vision of the moral subject,so that the subject can't see the moral connection between people,and then ignore the moral needs of others and become an indifferent bystander in the suffering situation of others.Third,modern society has entered the era of electronic media,electronic media through its own technical characteristics,let the distance of suffering to the people in front,it not only makes people from "not present"to "present",also determines the way people "presence"-a"presence"of virtualization,a no responsibility burden "present".Thus,the audience of electronic media becomes a distant bystander in the suffering of others.As one of the elements of society,the social cause of the bystander is inseparable from the influence of education.First of all,the pursuit of materialistic modern school education let the students to the way of to have,under this way students as the moral subject,can't see the spiritual connection between themselves and others,in the face of the moral needs of others,students become indifferent moral bystanders.Second,school education institutions in the process of bureaucratic management.The certain extent cancel the student's spiritual life,causing students to become institutionalized capture.On this basis,the emotional connection between students is isolated,causing students can't see the other people's moral need,being a indifferent bystander when watching other in the unhappy situation.In addition,the electronic media has a dissolving effect on education and moral education.The experience of media inhibits the formation and development of moral cognition,moral emotion and moral will.On this basis,the school education's use of electronic media creates conditions for the production of bystanders.The problem of the bystanders involves a wide range of issues,and the solution to the problem of bystanders cannot rely solely on morality education,but it cannot leave the strength of morality education.On the one hand,according to the characteristics of the psychological behavior of the bystanders,this paper puts forward the moral education strategy for different types of bystanders.First,to conscious bystanders,although its activation to their empathy for others feelings at a certain extent,they can sense the victim's moral need,but conscious bystanders empathy for others in an immature state of emotional reaction,therefore,the school moral education should aim at activating mature moral empathy.Secondly,for the unconscious bystanders,they don't see themselves and the moral relevance of events,cannot perceive the moral needs of others,and their own moral responsibility,therefore,moral education should pay attention to activate the moral subject's moral consciousness,enhancing its sensitivity to ethical issues,understanding the moral relation between self and others.Third,for distant bystanders,because of they being influenced by the media environment,they cannot recognize the real moral need of others,cannot form with the substantial meaning of the moral action,so moral education should guide the distant bystanders oppositional way to interpret the media information,prevent mediated environment on the resolution of moral consciousness.On the other hand,in order to resist the bystanders of social causes in school,moral education should realize three kinds of education subject:from greed to self-love,from obedience to reflect,from passive to active.In order to solve the problem of social problems in the school education,the school education has become the support force to resist the problem of indifferent bystander.