| In the context of the ecological protection and high-quality in the Yellow River Basin(YRB),the goal of ensuring food safety,carbon peaking,and carbon neutralization.Exploring the coupling coordination characteristics and driving mechanism between cultivated land intensive use(CLIU)and carbon emission efficiency(CEE)will help to cope with the global food and climate crisis,and move towards a low-carbon and high-quality future.The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation.In recent decades,to the complex natural environment and a large number of human activities,the cultivated land resources in the YRB are in serious shortage,and the ecological environment risks are aggravated.The YRB has become one of the most sensitive regions to climate warming in China and even the world.Moreover,large-scale land planning and extensive development in the past 20 years have seriously threatened the ecological environment in the YRB,resulting in the disappearance of large areas of high-quality cultivated land.Furthermore,previous studies were mainly conducted at provincial / regional scales,and rarely similar studies at the scale of large river basins.Therefore,starting from the large river basins scale,this study firstly used entropy weight method,comprehensive evaluation model,the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)coefficient methodology,and existing data envelopment analysis model to measure the spatiotemporal characteristics of CLIU,cultivated land carbon emissions(CLCE),and CEE in the YRB,and conducted comparative analysis in various agricultural regions.Then,the bivariate spatial autocorrelation models were used to measure the global and local spatial correlation between CLIU and CEE,and to explore the spatial aggregation and differentiation characteristics between CLIU and CEE.Following,coupling degree model and coupling coordination degree model were used to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and trend surface of coupling degree,coordination degree,and coupling coordination degree between CLIU and CEE in the YRB,and comparative analysis was conducted in various agricultural regions.Finally,geographic detector models were used to explore the driving mechanism of coupling coordination characteristics between CLIU and CEE in the YRB,and comparative analysis was conducted in various agricultural regions.The results showed that:(1)In general,the CLIU in the YRB increased gradually during the study period.The high-value areas of CLIU were mainly distributed in the southeast of the YRB.The spatial distribution of CLCE in the YRB was lower in the west,north and middle,and higher in the southeast,and it continues to increase.The high-value areas of CLCE were mainly concentrated in Shandong Peninsula agglomeration and Central Plains agglomeration.The carbon emission total efficiency(CETE)in the YRB is relatively lower,which decreases first and then increases during the study period.The high values of CETE were successively distributed in the northeast of Inner Mongolia,Shandong Peninsula agglomeration,Central Plains agglomeration,Shaanxi,and northwest Gansu.The carbon emission pure technical efficiency(CEPTE)in the YRB is relatively higher and shows a slow decline trend.The high-value areas of CEPTE were successively distributed in Shandong,Henan,Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,southern Shaanxi and southern Qinghai.The carbon emission scale efficiency(CESE)in the YRB is relatively higher,which decreases first and then increases.The high-value areas of CESE were successively distributed in Shandong Peninsula agglomeration,Central Plains agglomeration,Guanzhong agglomeration,Taiyuan agglomeration,Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos–Yulin agglomeration,Lanzhou-Xining agglomeration,and the Ningxia agglomerations of the Yellow River.(2)Firstly,the CLIU in the four agricultural regions showed an upward trend during the study period.The CLIU in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(HHHP)was the highest,followed by the northern arid and semi-arid regions(NASR),followed by the Loess Plateau(LP),and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)was lowest.Secondly,the CLCE in the QTP increased slowly,the NASR and LP decreased first and then increased,and the CLCE in the HHHP increased first and then decreased.Thirdly,the CETE in the QTP,NASR,and LP gradually increased,while the CETE in the HHHP gradually decreased.Fourthly,the CEPTE in the QTP and HHHP showed a continuous downward trend,the CEPTE in the NASR showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and the CEPTE in the LP showed a continuous upward trend.Finally,the CESE in the HHHP and the LP decreases first and then increases,while the CESE in the NASR and the QTP continues to increase.(3)Spatial analysis revealed a significant spatial dependence of CLIU on CEE.From a global perspective,the spatial correlations between CLIU and CEE changed from positive to negative with time.Moreover,the aggregation degree between CLIU and CEE gradually decreases with time,while the dispersion degree increases with time,and the spatial correlation gradually weakens.The local spatial autocorrelation further demonstrate that the number of high-low and low-high clusters between CLIU and CEE gradually increase over time,while the number of high-high and low-low clusters gradually decreased over time.(4)From 2005 to 2017 in the YRB the coupling degree Ⅰ(CLIU and CETE coupling degree),the coupling degree Ⅱ(CLIU and CEPTE coupling degree),and the coupling degree Ⅲ(CLIU and CESE coupling degree)were all higher.Among them,both the coupling degree Ⅰ and coupling degree Ⅲ showed a tend to rise first and then decline,and the coupling degree Ⅱ showed a gradual upward trend.From 2005 to 2017 in the YRB the coordination degree Ⅰ(CLIU and CETE coordination degree),the coordination degree Ⅱ(CLIU and CEPTE coordination degree),and the coordination degree Ⅲ(CLIU and CESE coordination degree)were all relatively lower.Among them,the coordination degree Ⅰ and coordination degree Ⅲ showed a tend to decline first and then rise,and the coordination degree Ⅱ showed a gradual upward trend.From2005 to 2017 in the YRB the coupling coordination degree Ⅰ(CLIU and CETE coupling coordination degree),the coupling coordination degree Ⅱ(CLIU and CEPTE coupling coordination degree),and the coupling coordination degree Ⅲ(CLIU and CESE coupling coordination degree)were all relatively lower,and they all showed upward trend.(5)From 2005 to 2017,the mean value of the coupling degree Ⅰ in the QTP increased continuously,the mean value of the coupling degree Ⅰ in the NASR decreased first and then increased,and the mean value of the coupling degree Ⅰ in the LP and the HHHP increased first and then decreased.Moreover,the mean value of the coupling degree Ⅱ in the QTP and HHHP increased continuously,while the mean value of the coupling degree Ⅱ in the NASR and the LP decreased first and then increased.Furthermore,the mean value of the coupling degree Ⅲ in the HHHP was continuously increasing,the mean value of the coupling degree Ⅲ in the NASR was decreased first and then increased,the mean value of the coupling degree Ⅲ in the LP was firstly increasing and then decreasing,and the mean value of the coupling degree Ⅲin the QTP was continuously decreasing.From 2005 to 2017,the mean of coordination degree Ⅰ in the QTP,NASR,and LP showed a continuous increasing trend,while that in the HHHP showed a continuous decreasing trend.Moreover,the mean value of the coordination degree Ⅱ in the QTP and HHHP showed a continuous decreasing trend,the mean value of the coordination degree Ⅱ in the NASR showed a steady trend after rising,and the mean value of the coordination degree Ⅱ showed a continuous increasing trend.Furthermore,the mean value of the coordination degree Ⅲ in the HHHP and LP decreased first and then increased,and the mean value of the coordination degree Ⅲ in the NASR and QTP increased continuously.From 2005 to2017,the mean value of the coupling coordination degree Ⅰ in the QTP,NASR,and LP increased continuously,while the mean value of the coupling coordination degreeⅠ in the HHHP decreased continuously.Moreover,the mean value of the coupling coordination degree Ⅱ in the QTP,NASR,and LP continues to rise,while the mean value of the coupling coordination degree Ⅱ in the HHHP decreased continuously.Furthermore,the mean value of the coupling coordination degree Ⅲ in the HHHP decreased first and then increased,while the mean value of the coupling coordination degree Ⅲ in the LP,NASR,and QTP continued to increase.(6)In general,the driving factors of the coupling coordination degree Ⅰ,coupling coordination degree Ⅱ,and coupling coordination degree Ⅲ in the YRB showed great differences during the study period,and their values varied greatly and showed regular changes.Moreover,the driving factors of the coupling coordination degree ⅰ,coupling coordination degree Ⅱ,and coupling coordination degree Ⅲ in the YRB did not act independently,but showed synergistic enhancement.Specifically,the interaction of the driving factors of the coupling coordination degree Ⅰ,coupling coordination degree Ⅱ,and coupling coordination degree Ⅲ in the YRB were mainly non-linear enhancement during the study period.(7)In general,the interaction of driving factors of the coupling coordination degree Ⅰ,the coupling coordination degree Ⅱ,and the coupling coordination degree Ⅲin the HHHP,LP,and NASR were mainly non-linear enhancement during the study period.The interaction of the driving factors of the coupling coordination Ⅰ,the coupling coordination Ⅱ,and the coupling coordination Ⅲ in the QTP were mainly bi-factor enhancement during the study period.Therefore,in this study,the coupling coordination analysis model between CLIU and CEE was established by combining theories and methods of economics,geography,and management,so as to enrich and improve the theoretical system of coupling coordination between CLIU and CEE.And then,through measured the spatiotemporal characteristics of CLIU,CLCE,and CEE in the YRB,measured the global and local spatial correlation between CLIU and CEE in the YRB,explored the spatiotemporal characteristics and trend surface of coupling degree,coordination degree,and coupling coordination degree between CLIU and CEE in the YRB,explore the driving mechanism of coupling coordination characteristics between CLIU and CEE in the YRB,and comparative analysis were conducted in various agricultural regions.They will help policy makers to formulate feasible policies for low-carbon and efficient use of cultivated land.And also help countries and regions carry out more extensive national and regional cooperation in ensuring food security,reducing carbon dioxide emissions,mitigating global warming and moving toward a high-quality future.In the end,they will promote win-win cooperation among regions and the realization of a community with a shared future for mankind. |
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