The Impact Of Industrial Agglomeration On Carbon Emission Intensit

Climate change is one of the major challenges facing mankind in the world today.The Paris Agreement clearly pointed out that the rise of the global average temperature should be controlled within 2 degrees Celsius before the industrial revolution.It defines the general requirements of countries in the world to deal with global climate change.At the same time,the developed countries transfer the production of products to developing countries through the international industrial division of labor.In turn,it leads to the rising carbon emissions of developing countries and the severe pressure of carbon reduction in the international arena.As the largest developing country in the world,China is an active advocate and practitioner in dealing with the climate change.As early as the Copenhagen Conference in 2009,China promised to reduce its carbon emission intensity in 2020 to 40%-45% of that in 2005,and at the 2015 climate conference in Paris,we will further reduce the carbon emission intensity in2020 by 60%-65% compared with 2005.At the same time,China has clearly made a commitment to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060 in the outline of the 14 th five-year Plan and the long-term goal of 2035.Therefore,the overall goal of China’s independent contribution is put forward in terms of carbon emission intensity and total carbon emissions.After joining the World Trade Organization,China has actively participated in the international division of labor and undertaken the industrial transfer of developed countries,which has effectively promoted China’s urbanization and industrialization and achieved rapid economic development,and won the reputation of ”World Factory”,and made remarkable achievements in economic development.However,China has also paid a heavy environmental price behind its rapid economic growth.China’s extensive economic development model made China surpass the United States in energy consumption in 2010 and become the largest energy consumer and carbon emitter in the world.at the same time,it is also the country with the highest intensity of carbon emissions,which makes China face more severe pressure on carbon reduction in the international arena.At the same time,there is a large economic gap between the eastern,central and western regions of China,and there is an obvious imbalance in economic development;in addition,China’s industrial structure with high input and low output has increasingly become an obstacle to the high-quality development of China’s economy,and the industrial structure is in urgent need of transformation and upgrading.Accordingly,the principal contradiction of Chinese society has been transformed into the growing needs of the people for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.therefore,China is facing more serious environmental and economic problems.Meanwhile,to a certain extent,the disadvantage of China’s economic development can also be regarded as the advantage of economic development and a favorable measure to unlock China’s highquality development.to a certain extent,the difference in economic development between regions in China is caused by the unreasonable layout of industries,which provides a broad stage for China’s inter-regional industrial transfer,but efforts should be made to avoid the transfer of carbon emissions when industries move across regions.So as not to have a negative impact on the realization of China’s overall carbon emission reduction targets,it has become the inherent requirement and due meaning of China’s high-quality development.Industry is the foundation of economic development,and reasonable industrial layout is one of the key factors for China to achieve high-quality development.As a relatively compact development model in modern economic development,large-scale production of industries through agglomeration can achieve sharing in the labor market and infrastructure,and enhance the innovative strength of enterprises through technology spillover,which makes industrial agglomeration become the mainstream industrial organization mode of modern economy.And has become a powerful driving force to promote economic development.Therefore,how to make full use of the positive externalities of industrial agglomeration to achieve carbon reduction has become the focus of this study.The impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions and its transmission mechanism have been paid more attention by the existing literature when studying the impact of industrial agglomeration on environmental pollution.However,in the existing research,the discussion of mathematical models is mostly focused on neutral technology,while the technological progress in the real economy is biased;at the same time,the scale of the research is mostly focused on the overall level of the city.in the case of increasingly accurate and efficient carbon emission reduction measures,it is difficult to meet the more targeted policy reference needs.In addition,the analysis scope of industrial agglomeration is relatively broad,and the conclusions drawn have a certain degree of fuzziness.In view of the shortcomings of the existing research,this paper combines theoretical analysis and empirical test to examine in detail the transmission mechanism of the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission intensity.to provide theoretical basis and decision-making support for the coordinated development of China’s regions and the low-carbon transformation of industries.This paper makes a detailed whole and sums up the data of industrial enterprises above the scale of China to the city-industry level,at the same time,adjust China’s carbon emission data to the above-scale industrial level and unify the industry classification standards to the caliber of the industrial enterprise database,and then analyze the current situation of industrial agglomeration and carbon emission intensity in China.On this basis,this paper takes industrial agglomeration,technological progress and factor mismatch as exogenous variables into the analysis framework of biased technological progress,and then constructs a mathematical model of the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission intensity.And theoretically analyzes the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission intensity through factor enhancement technology and factor mismatch under the condition of different factor substitution elasticity.Theoretical analysis shows that: first,the positive externality effect of industrial agglomeration can optimize the allocation of energy and non-energy elements,and then reduce the intensity of carbon emissions.Second,the increase of energy distortion will promote the increase of carbon emission intensity;when energy factors and non-energy elements are complementary,the increase of non-energy factor distortion level will increase carbon emission intensity;when energy elements and non-energy elements are substitutes,the increase of non-energy factor distortion level will reduce carbon emission intensity.Third,the positive externality effect of industrial agglomeration can promote the technological progress of energy elements and non-energy elements;when energy elements and non-energy elements are complementary,the rise in the price of non-energy elements will induce the positive externality effect of industrial agglomeration and promote the technological progress of non-energy elements faster.When there is a substitution relationship between energy factors and nonenergy factors,the rise in the price of non-energy factors will induce the positive externality effect of industrial agglomeration to promote the technological progress of energy elements more quickly,and then promote the reduction of carbon emission intensity.According to the main propositions obtained from the theoretical model analysis,this paper makes an empirical study from the following three aspects: the test of the direct effect of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission intensity;the transmission mechanism of the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission intensity is analyzed from the perspective of factor-enhanced technology,and the transmission mechanism of the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emission intensity is analyzed from the perspective of factor mismatch.Firstly,this paper uses linear and non-linear econometric models to analyze the effect of specialized agglomeration and diversified agglomeration on carbon emission intensity.The results show that both specialized agglomeration and diversified agglomeration have an one-way negative effect on carbon emission intensity,and the carbon reduction effect of diversified agglomeration mainly comes from related diversified agglomeration,while the effect of unrelated diversified agglomeration on carbon emission intensity is significantly positive.Heterogeneity analysis shows that specialized agglomeration has significant carbon emission reduction effect only in mega-cities,at the same time,the carbon emission reduction effect of specialized agglomeration is mainly concentrated in non-energy-intensive industries;the carbon emission reduction effect of diversified agglomeration is mainly concentrated in non-resource-based cities or big cities.Secondly,this paper uses the nonlinear seemingly uncorrelated method to estimate the standardized supply side system constructed by monolayer and nested invariant substitution elastic production function,and obtains the substitution elasticity between capital,labor and energy and their respective enhanced technical level.and further take the factor enhancement technology as the mechanism of industrial agglomeration affecting carbon emission intensity.The empirical results show that there is a complementary input structure between capital and energy,labor and energy in the process of industrial production in China,and specialized agglomeration has a significant positive impact on energyenhanced technology and labor-enhanced technology,while specialized agglomeration has a significant negative impact on capital-enhanced technology.Diversified agglomeration has a significant positive impact on energy-enhanced technology and labor-enhanced technology,but has a negative but not significant impact on capital-enhanced technology;energy-enhanced technology has a significant negative impact on carbon emission intensity,while capital-enhanced technology and labor-enhanced technology have a significant positive impact on carbon emission intensity.Therefore,specialized agglomeration can have an impact on carbon emission intensity through three paths: energy-enhanced technology,capital-enhanced technology and labor-enhanced technology.Diversified agglomeration can affect carbon emission intensity through energy-enhanced technology and labor-enhanced technology.Thirdly,this paper uses LP,LP-ACF and WRDG methods to measure the total factor productivity and estimate the level of factor mismatch of capital,labor and energy,and then analyze the factor mismatch as the mechanism of industrial agglomeration affecting carbon emission intensity.The empirical results show that there are different degrees of excessive energy investment and capital investment in energy-intensive industries and capital-intensive industries,and insufficient labor allocation in both labor-intensive industries and non-labor-intensive industries.Specialized agglomeration has a significant negative impact on energy mismatch,capital mismatch and labor mismatch.Diversified agglomeration only has a significant negative impact on energy mismatch,while the impact on capital mismatch and labor mismatch is negative but not significant;energy mismatch,capital mismatch and labor mismatch all have a significant positive impact on carbon emission intensity.Therefore,professional agglomeration can affect carbon emission intensity through energy mismatch,capital mismatch and labor mismatch,while diversified agglomeration can only affect carbon emission intensity through energy mismatch.Finally,the theoretical analysis and empirical test of this paper can provide a decision-making basis for how to make full use of the externalities of industrial agglomeration to reduce carbon emission intensity.Based on the research conclusions,this paper puts forward the following four aspects of policy implications: first,improve the level of industrial agglomeration and optimize the mode of industrial agglomeration.Second,speed up the reform of the factor market and optimize the allocation of factors.Third,create an atmosphere of innovation and guide the direction of technological progress.Fourth,improve the regional division of labor and build a coordinated emission reduction mechanism.