Study On Performance Evaluation Of Wetland Management In Typical Areas Of The Middle Reaches Of The Yangtze River

The report of the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "promoting green development,promoting harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature,promoting ecological protection and governance of important rivers,lakes,and reservoirs,and improving the diversity,stability,and sustainability of ecosystems." "The 14 th Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035 further pointed out that" we should strengthen the planning and use control of land space,focus on national key ecological functional areas,national nature reserves,and other key rivers and important lakes such as the Yangtze River and Yellow River,and strengthen the ecological protection and governance of wetlands,so as to increase the wetland protection rate to 55%.".At present,the wetland ecological environment in China is very fragile,especially in the typical areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.The typical wetland area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River covers an area of 35565 square kilometers,making it a "barometer" for wetland ecological environment governance in China.Due to the long-term irrational development and utilization of wetland resources,the wetland problem in the typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is very serious,which has affected the sustainable utilization of wetlands and the long-term development of regional economy,and is related to the strategic rise and decline of the country in the rise of central China.On March 1,2021,the Yangtze River Protection Law came into effect.On June 1,2022,the "China Wetland Protection Law" was officially implemented.On November 5,2022,the 14 th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Wetlands(COP14)was held in Wuhan.This all marks a new stage of wetland management in the Yangtze River.Therefore,in the context of "adhering to ecological priority and green development" and "jointly focusing on major protection and not engaging in major development",we should strengthen research on the performance of wetland governance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,in order to solve the plight of wetland ecological environment governance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,improve the modernization level of China’s wetland governance system and governance capacity,and promote high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Creating a beautiful Chinese model of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature has important theoretical significance and practical value.Based on this,this article draws on and absorbs existing literature and studies wetlands in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object,focusing on wetland governance performance evaluation.The purpose of this article is to start with the evaluation of wetland governance performance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,analyze the factors affecting wetland governance performance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,explore ways to improve wetland governance performance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,and solve the current dilemma of wetland governance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,Improve China’s wetland governance capacity and provide strong support for the modernization of China’s wetland governance system.The specific research process is as follows: First,from the perspective of literature review and theoretical analysis,define relevant theories such as wetland governance,governance performance,and performance evaluation,explain and analyze the connotation of regional wetland governance performance evaluation,regional wetland governance performance impact mechanisms,and regional wetland governance performance improvement mechanisms.Secondly,reviewing the governance process of wetlands in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River over the past 20 years,and based on the connotation of regional wetland governance performance evaluation,investigating the current situation of wetland governance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.Thirdly,based on the actual situation of wetland governance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,using rough set theory to screen indicators,build a performance evaluation index system for wetland governance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.Using panel data and surveys from 42 cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2001 to 2020,use SBM model and total factor productivity(TFP)index to conduct static and dynamic evaluation of wetland governance performance.Based on the evaluation results,the GMM model is used to analyze the influencing factors of wetland governance performance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.Finally,based on the theoretical analysis and quantitative empirical research results of the full text,the optimal path for improving wetland governance performance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is proposed.The main research findings and conclusions are as follows:(1)The three dimensions of the "three-dimensional" conceptual model of wetland governance performance evaluation theory are interrelated,mutually constraining,and mutually reinforcing.Explain and analyze the connotation of regional wetland governance performance evaluation,construct a "three-dimensional" conceptual model of wetland governance performance evaluation theory from three dimensions of time,space,and value,and point out that the improvement of governance performance in one dimension depends on the coordinated support of the other two dimensions;At the same time,this dimension also supports the realization of governance performance in the other two dimensions.The improvement of wetland governance performance in a single dimension or two dimensions cannot maximize the overall wetland governance performance.To achieve the improvement of wetland performance in typical areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,it is necessary to break through the limitations of dimensions themselves and between dimensions,coordinate and optimize the overall layout,coordinate and optimize the resource allocation among various dimensions,and improve the comprehensive performance of "three-dimensional integration".(2)In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the input and output of wetland management in various cities are generally on the rise,but there are also regional differences.According to the survey on the current situation of wetland governance in typical areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,provincial capital cities and economically developed cities have significantly higher investment in wetland governance than remote cities and economically underdeveloped cities,which is positively correlated with wetland governance output,indicating the existence of economic agglomeration benefits in the process of wetland governance.In addition,there are also problems in the process of wetland governance,such as the differentiation of interests among governance entities and the insufficient use of scientific and technological governance tools.(3)Wetland governance performance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has obvious temporal evolution and spatial heterogeneity characteristics.Through the static analysis of the evaluation results of the PCA-SBM model,it is found that the overall performance level of wetland governance in the typical areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River presents an upward trend,with performance agglomeration developing from a "discrete" feature to a "agglomeration" direction.However,from the perspective of local spatial differentiation characteristics,only a few regions in local space have significant spatial correlation,while most regions have not significant spatial correlation;Through dynamic analysis of the evaluation results of the TFP index,it is found that changes in technological efficiency and technological changes can lead to fluctuations in the comprehensive wetland governance performance index,and there are significant differences in technological efficiency and technological changes across regions.It is urgent to strengthen regional collaborative governance to improve wetland governance performance.(4)The decomposition results of factors affecting wetland governance performance in typical areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River show that economic development level,industrial structure,urbanization,marketization,technological progress,and openness have a positive impact on wetland governance performance.GDP per capita has a significant positive correlation with the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency of wetland governance,while it has a significant negative correlation with scale efficiency;The level of industrialization development is significantly negatively correlated with the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency of wetland governance,but not significantly related to scale efficiency;The level of urbanization,the full-time equivalent logarithm of regional R&D personnel,and the logarithm of foreign capital utilization are significantly positively correlated with the comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency of wetland governance;The level of marketization is significantly and positively correlated with the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency of wetland governance,but not with the scale efficiency.This indicates that accelerating the transformation of regional industrial structure,promoting regional economic development,improving the level of marketization,and increasing regional scientific and technological investment can improve the level of wetland governance performance.(5)According to the theoretical and quantitative empirical analysis results of the full text,it is pointed out that wetland governance is not a single geographical spatial governance,but rather a mobile cyberspace governance.Wetland governance in typical areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River should adhere to "problem oriented" and "bottom line thinking",utilize the concept of systematic governance and spatial network governance to promote overall innovation and process reengineering of wetland governance models,and propose optimization paths for improving the performance of wetland governance in typical areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River: First,promote the improvement of regional marketization based on the concept of protection;The second is to focus on the transformation of regional industrial structure guided by integrated development;The third is to clarify the rights and responsibilities of multiple governance entities based on scientific division of labor;Fourth,improve the technological level of governance tools with the goal of flexibility and efficiency.The innovation of this article is mainly based on the theory and practice of wetland governance,and constructs a "three-dimensional" conceptual model of wetland governance performance evaluation theory.Based on the connotation of wetland governance performance evaluation,it constructs a "three-dimensional" conceptual model of wetland governance performance evaluation theory from the dimensions of time,space,and value,and carries out research based on this theoretical framework,changing the traditional concept of single dimension performance evaluation;Using a combination of static and dynamic performance evaluation methods,from the perspective of wetlands in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,combined with the current situation and characteristics of wetland governance,using a combination of PCA-SBM model and TFP index,the static and dynamic evaluation of wetland governance performance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was conducted,enriching and improving the performance evaluation methods;Propose an optimization path for improving the performance of wetland governance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.Based on the theoretical and quantitative empirical analysis results of the full text,adhere to problem-oriented and bottom-line thinking,and build a wetland governance performance improvement mechanism,opening up new ideas for improving the performance of wetland governance in typical areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.