Research On The Spatial Differentiation And Driving Mechanism Of Habitat Quality In Zhengzhou

China’s urbanization wave over the past few decades has shown multi-dimensional characteristics of rapid speed,high intensity,high density,ultra-high altitude and large scale.With the continuous expansion and spread of urban space,natural habitats such as forests and wetlands have been eroded in large quantities,bringing severe challenges to the lives and survival of urban residents and animals and plants.In view of this,the comprehensive use of interdisciplinary knowledge systems such as landscape architecture,ecology,and geography to systematically explore the dynamic evolution process,spatiotemporal differentiation pattern,internal action mechanism and scientific regulation path of urban habitat quality has practical significance for urban organic renewal and biodiversity maintenance.This study takes Zhengzhou City as the research object.The time scale is 2000-2023.The spatial scale is divided into the city scale and the main urban area scale.At the city scale,dynamic degree and transfer matrix are used to analyze the dynamic evolution of habitat structure;The comprehensive evaluation model of ecosystem services and trade-offs is used to reveal the spatial differentiation of habitat quality;The geographic detector model is used to screen the dominant social and environmental factors that affect the spatial differentiation of habitat quality and reveal the interaction between these factors;The multi-scale geographical weighted regression model is used to explore the complex impact mechanism of habitat fragmentation on habitat quality.At the scale of the main urban area,the coupling coordination degree model is used to explore the coupling relationship between habitat quality and urban development intensity.Therefore,the regulatory paths for improving habitat quality are proposed for Zhengzhou city and the main urban area,respectively,in order to provide a reference for habitat construction and biodiversity maintenance in Zhengzhou and other rapidly urbanizing areas.The research results are as follows:(1)The dynamic evolution process and spatial differentiation characteristics of habitat quality in Zhengzhou were quantitatively studied.Between 2000 and 2020,the area of agricultural land,forest land and grassland in Zhengzhou decreased,while the area of construction land increased.In particular,a large amount of agricultural land was transferred to construction land,with a transfer scale of up to 1179.3 km~2.Overall,the habitat quality index of the city dropped from 0.361 to 0.294,showing an overall downward trend and local upward trend.For example,the rocky mountains in the southwest quadrant,the loess gullies in the west and the Yellow River wetlands in the north have been driven by a series of ecological and environmental protection policies such as returning farmland to forests and renting land for afforestation since 1999,the creation of national garden cities and forest cities,and the Yellow River Wetland Reserve.The habitat quality of the main urban area,the aviation port area,and satellite cities such as Gongyi,Xinmi,Dengfeng,and Zhongmu and their surrounding areas has shown a downward trend.(2)The study on the impact of social and environmental factors on the quality of urban habitats shows that at the optional grid scale of 500-2000 m,the dominant factors affecting the quality of urban habitats are land use,altitude,slope,surface roughness,surface relief,population,night lights,and normalized vegetation index.Slope,surface roughness,population,night lights,and normalized vegetation index are highly sensitive to changes in grid scale.The impact of the dominant factors on habitat quality at the grid scale of 1000 m and 1250 m is closest to the average level of multiple scales,indicating that this scale is an ideal scale for characterizing and studying habitat quality at the urban level.(3)The study on the impact of habitat fragmentation on urban habitat quality shows that:at the optional grid scale of 900-5400 m,the dominant factors affecting habitat quality at two levels are screened out.At the landscape level,the dominant factors affecting habitat quality are patch density(PD),shape(SHAPE＿MN)and aggregation(CONTAG).At the patch type level,the dominant factors affecting the habitat quality of agricultural land and construction land are patch density(PD)and average area(AREA＿MN);the dominant factor affecting the quality of forest habitat is patch density(PD).(4)The coupling study of habitat quality and development intensity in the main urban area shows that:under the grid scale of 60-5400 m,420 m is selected as the ideal grid scale to describe the habitat quality in the main urban area of Zhengzhou.The evaluation results are consistent with the actual block scale and can objectively and truly reflect the habitat information of the main urban area.The habitat quality of the main urban area is highly coupled with the urban development intensity,with a coupling degree of 0.866.The coupling degree ranking is:Guancheng Hui District(0.925),Jinshui District(0.924),Zhongyuan District(0.896),Erqi District(0.840)and Huiji District(0.722).The coordination degree between habitat quality and urban development intensity in the main urban area is 0.582,and the coordination degree ranking is:Jinshui District(0.626),Guancheng Hui District(0.593),Zhongyuan District(0.587),Erqi District(0.575)and Huiji District(0.515).The differences in coupling degree and coordination degree reflect the diversity of each administrative district in terms of urban development model and ecological environment protection.(5)There are 21 habitat types in the main urban area,and there are 10 habitat types with an area of more than 1%.Among them,type 15(medium habitat quality-medium development intensity-artificial habitat)accounts for the largest proportion,reaching 30.41%,and is mainly distributed in the third and fourth ring roads of the main urban area and the urban-rural transition zone.Type 5(medium habitat quality-low development intensity-semi-natural and semi-artificial habitat)and type 2(high habitat quality-low development intensity-semi-natural and semi-artificial habitat)account for 20.31%and 9.76%respectively.The two types are staggered in the suburban rural areas outside the built-up area.There are 11 habitat types with an area of less than 1%.Although these habitats are small in scale,they connect many major types of habitats and are temporary stops and important supply areas for migrating birds.(6)Based on the research framework of"pattern-process-mechanism-regulation",according to the dynamic evolution of habitat quality at the city scale,the identification of spatial differentiation characteristics and driving factors,and the coupling research results of habitat quality and development intensity at the main urban area scale,combined with literature data such as natural geographical conditions and biodiversity hotspots,a habitat protection area system is constructed at the city scale,and multiple habitat quality improvement paths such as high-quality habitat patch conservation,low-quality damaged habitat patch restoration,matrix coordination optimization and corridor diversity planning are proposed.Construct a combined nature-friendly habitat pattern at the main urban scale.In summary,the spatial differentiation pattern of habitat quality in Zhengzhou is affected by multiple factors such as land use change,topography,population distribution and urban development intensity.With the advancement of urbanization,the habitat structure and habitat quality in Zhengzhou will continue to evolve,which will have a profound impact on the sustainable development of urban biodiversity and human settlements.This study provides a new perspective for studying the spatial differentiation of urban habitat quality and its driving mechanism through a multi-scale,multi-level and multi-dimensional research framework,which has important reference value for urban organic renewal and biodiversity maintenance.