The Fabrication Of A Novel Adipose Acellular Matrix And The Construction Of Vascularized Adipose Tissue

Background and Objective:Adipose acellular tissue(AAM)has recent been recognized as an ideal biomaterials for the repair of soft tissue defect.However,recent study found that AAM can only lead to a low degree of adipose regeneration,which further limits the adipose regeneration of AAM.At present,it is believed that the limited lipogenic ability of AAM in vivo may be attributed to the acellularization methods,which severely damages the active protein components on the extracellular matrix and limits its regeneration ability in vivo;at the same time,the mechanism of spontaneous fat regeneration induced by AAM in vivo is far from clear.Therefore,improve the process of AAM preparation to improve the retention of active protein components on AAM matrix,and explore the adipogenesis mechanisms of AAM in vivo has been the hot topics in recent years.Preliminary studies have shown that the selection and the use of acellular agents may have an impact on the adipogenesis of AAM in vivo;and various components of extracellular matrix are believed to play many important physiological functions in the process of tissue regeneration,such as recruitment and activation of host stem cells,inflammatory cells,vascular endothelial cells,and so on.Therefore,this study focuses on improving the fat acellularization process and fabricating vascularized adipose tissue using AAM.Methods and materials1.Preparation of CF-AAM and investigation of its in vivo remodelingTo explore the efficiency of homogenate technology to remove the lipid content of adipose.tissue Sodium deoxycholate was subsequently used to remove cellular content in adipose tissue.The whole acellularization process was largely decreased compared with conventional acellularization method and thus Chemical-free AAM(CF-AAM)was prepared.2.The combination of AECM and CF-AAM for in vivo implantationAdipose extracellular matrix(AECM)was prepared through the homogenization and centrifugation of adipose tissue.The AECM was then mix with CF-AAM and transplanted in vivo to construct highly vascularized adipose tissue.Results and conclusions:1.The CF-AAM prepared by high-speed homogenization and Sodium deoxycholate solution rinse.CF-AAM retains a large amount of the adipose extracellular matrix components and can induce the regeneration of mature adipose tissue in vivo.CF-AAM may serve as a promising biomaterial for soft-tissue filling in clinics.2.Through the homogenization and centrifugation of adipose tissue,we obtained AECM,which contain intact adipose extracellular matrix components.The combination of AECM and CF-AAM induced highly vascularized adipose tissue in vivo.DiscussionThe AAM provides a new strategy for the repair of soft tissue defects in plastic surgery.Preliminary studies show that AAM can be used in allogeneic/xenogeneic applications and can induce the production of adipose tissue in vivo.It is an ideal biomaterial for repairing soft tissue defects.However,with the in-depth research,it has been found that AAM induced limited adipose regeneration in vivo,which limited its further clinical application.At present,it is generally believed that the chemical reagents used in the traditional adipose decellularization process cause the loss and denaturation of a large number of active protein components in the extracellular matrix of adipose tissue,which further affect the adipose regeneration results in vivo.In order to solve this problem,we improved the acellular process of AAM.We used physical homogenization technology and high-speed centrifugation to remove the lipid components in adipose tissue,and used deoxycholic acid for the removal of cellular content and prepared Chemical-free AAM(CF-AAM).Compared with the conventional AAM,CF-AAM can induce better adipose regeneration in vivo,suggesting that reducing the damage to the active components of adipose extracellular matrix can lead to a better adipose regeneration of AAM in vivo.At the same time,we continue to use homogenization technology and high-speed centrifugation to obtain adipose extracellular matrix(AECM),which contained intact adipose extracellular matrix components.The combination of AECM and CF-AAM constructed highly vascularized adipose tissue in vivo,proposing a new strategy for constructing vascularized adipose tissue in vivo.These results indicated that improving the acellular method and reducing the destruction of extracellular matrix active protein components in the process of adipose acellularization is helpful for the preparation of AAM that can effectively induce effective adipose regeneration in vivo.At the same time,the addition of fresh extracellular matrix during AAM transplantation is conducive to the construction of vascularized adipose tissue.Conclusions1.Reducing the destruction of active components in extracellular matrix during acellular process is conducive to promote the adipose regeneration results of AAM in vivo.2.The addition of fresh extracellular matrix in AAM can induce the production of vascularized adipose tissue in vivo.