Trends Of Risk Factors And Incidence Of Cardiovascular Disease In Women Aged 35 And Over

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death of global residents,accounting for 32%of the total deaths.It has become an important public health problem affecting the health and life expectancy of global residents.The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in China is on the rise,with 330 million people currently suffering from it.It is the main cause of death and disability,accounting for about 45%of all deaths.China is one of the countries with the highest burden of cardiovascular disease in the world.Cardiovascular disease is a serious threat to women’s life and health.It is not only the main cause of death and disability of women all over the world,but also the primary cause of death of Chinese women.The burden of cardiovascular disease in Chinese women continues to rise,which is the main reason for the loss of life of Chinese women.Objective1)To explore the prevalence and trends of cardiovascular risk factors in China,women aged 35 and above,such as hypertension,obesity,diabetes,dyslipidemia,smoking and drinking.2)To evaluate the correlation between reproductive characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors of women aged 35 and over in China.3)To study the relationship between t risk factors,general characteristics,reproductive characteristics and cardiovascular disease in women aged 35 and above in China.Methods1)The study on the trend of risk factors of cardiovascular disease in women relies on two national representative cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2012-2015 and 20202022.The implementation schemes of the two surveys are basically the same,and the data can be combined.Finally,11012 women surveyed in 2012-2015 and 34745 women surveyed in 2020-2022 entered the study.2)The study on the risk of cardiovascular disease in women relies on a national representative prospective cohort study,which was followed up for 5 years.9501 women aged 35 and over were included in this study.Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the association between risk factors,general characteristics,reproductive characteristics and cardiovascular disease in women.Results1)From 2020 to 2022,the prevalence of hypertension in rural women was significantly higher than that in urban women,and the control rate of hypertension in urban women was significantly higher than that in rural women;Compared with 2012-2015,the prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 32.7%(31.7%-33.7%),and the prevalence of hypertension increased to 38.6%(37.9%-39.2%)from 2020 to 2022;The control rate of hypertension decreased significantly.2)From 2020 to 2022,the obesity rate of rural women was higher than that of urban women;Compared with 2012-2015,the prevalence of obesity in the study population was 16.4%(15.6%-17.2%),and the prevalence of obesity increased to 18.5%(18.0%18.9%)from 2020 to 2022.3)The prevalence of diabetes in rural women was lower than that in urban women in 2020-2022.The prevalence of diabetes was 8%(7.4%-8.7%)compared with the 20122015 study group,and the prevalence of diabetes increased to 10%(9.7%-10.4%)in 2020-2022.The awareness rate and treatment rate of diabetes decreased significantly.4)The prevalence of dyslipidemia in rural women was lower than that in urban women from 2020 to 2022;Compared with 2012-2015,the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 25.6%(24.5%-26.9%),and the prevalence of dyslipidemia increased to 30.0%(29.3%30.7%)from 2020 to 2022.5)Compared with the smoking rate of 1.8%(1.6%-2.1%)in 2012-2015,the smoking rate decreased to 1.0%(0.9%-1.1%)in 2020-2022;Compared with 5.0%(4.6%-5.5%)in 2012-2015,the drinking rate increased to 8.4%(8.1%-8.8%)in 2020-2022.6)From 2020 to 2022,the menarche age of urban women is lower than that of rural women;The reproductive lifespan of women in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas;Compared with 2012-2015,the age of menarche decreased significantly,the age of menopause increased significantly,and the length of reproductive lifespan increased significantly.7)≥65 years old,separated/widowed/unmarried,low educational level,eating fresh fruits every week or less,menopause,three or more pregnancies,and three or more live births are related to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease.8)The later the menarche age is,the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease in women is.The risk of cardiovascular disease increases by 9.5%every year the menarche age increases;In some subgroups,the higher the age of menopause,the lower the risk of cardiovascular disease;The reproductive lifespan was significantly correlated with the increased risk of CVD in women.For each additional year of reproductive lifespan,the risk of cardiovascular disease decreased by 3.8%.ConclusionsThe prevalence of major risk factors of cardiovascular disease in Chinese women showed an upward trend,such as hypertension,obesity,diabetes,dyslipidemia and alcohol consumption.Separation/widowhood/unmarried,low educational level,weekly or lower consumption of fresh fruits,menopause,3 or more pregnancies,and 3 or more live births were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.The later the menarche age and the shorter the reproductive lifespan,the higher the risk of CVD.Appropriate intervention measures should be taken as soon as possible to strengthen the prevention and treatment of women’s cardiovascular diseases.