| Objective: Since the 20 th century,a large number of bamboo slips and silk have been unearthed,ranging from the Warring States period to the Eastern Han Dynasty.Through the analysis and interpretation of the sound,form and meaning of the disease names in these bamboo and silk documents,we try to define and explain its meaning clearly.Furthermore,the context of the development and change of the connotation and extension of the disease name is sorted out,so as to have a deeper understanding of it.Through the study of the unearthed documents of internal medicine on bamboo and silk,we can fill up the blank in the study of medical history of the Warring States,Qin and Han Dynasties,and make up for the deficiency of previous studies,so as to lay a foundation for the reconstruction of medical history of Qin and Han Dynasties;we can also straighten out the academic source of internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine.Method:First of all,the use of exegetics,collation and other traditional Chinese research methods to accurately interpret the relevant literature content.Secondly,a comparative study is carried out.In the comparison between different medical documents,between medical documents and non-medical documents,we will also use the handed down medical documents to compare the unearthed medical documents,and also use a large number of handed down non-medical documents as the comparison object.Third,we can refer to the clinical research and other medical research data for auxiliary analysis.Results:In general,Ni Qi(逆气)is cough,but it is always by acute asthma.Shang Qi(上气)and Chui(吹)are asthma.Shao Qi(少气)is shortness and weakness of breath.Xinbing(心病)and Xin Fu Bing(心腹病)are general names of many diseases in thoracic cavity,abdominal cavity and gastrointestinal tract.Bao Xin Tong(暴心痛)and Xin Bao Tong(心暴痛)are heart diseases,and Xia Xin Ji(下心疾)refer to abdominal diseases.Xin Fu Jiu Ji(心腹久积)and Xin Fu Jian(心腹坚)are lumps in the abdomen.Xinmen(心闷),also named Xinmei(心悗),refers to heart stuffy with short breath.Fan Xin(烦心)is derived from dissipation of Qi and deficiency of Yang Qi in heart.Shouji(首疾)is head disease,and it mostly refers to headache.Kuang(狂)is mania.Dian(癫)is epilepsy.Xian(痫)is also epilepsy,although it is mostly used in children,but also for adults.Bu Zhi Ren(不知人)is unconscious.Ge Zhong(鬲中、隔中)is dysphagia.Chang Pi(肠辟)is diarrhea.There are two Saizhong(塞中)in Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips.The first one should be read as Hanzhong(寒中),which literally means cold in belly,and refers to dysphagia.The second is constipation.Fu Liang(伏梁)refers to lumps in the abdomen.,which is mostly caused by stagnation of Qi and blood,and often accompanied by abdominal hydrops.Xin Fu Zhi Man(心腹支满)is mass in thoracic and abdominal cavity.Jia(瘕)is a disease of lumps or hydrops,but it can also be used as a general term of disease.Long(癃)is disability disease and Jiang(降)is gonorrhea and anuresis.They are confused because of their similar shape.Bi(闭)is anuresis.Shui(水)is systemic edema and Zhong(肿)is partial edema,especially in legs.Xiao Ke(消渴)is symptom-complex of excessive eating.Qi Yu(气臾)is stagnation of Qi.Dan(瘅)is Internal heat.Dan(疸)is deprived from dan(瘅)and refers to jaundice.The two characters are often confused.Jue(瘚)is reverse cold.Bi(痹)is paralysis.Wei(痿)refers to the atrophy or loss of function of a part of the body.The name Shang Han(伤寒)was first emerged in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty,which is fever caused by cold.The name of Shang Han(伤寒),which literally means hurt by cold,was related to the drastic climate change in that peoriod.Wen Bing(温病)is fever caused by external factors.Shang Han(伤汗)is the syndrome of perspiration caused by exogenous diseases.Han Re(寒热)refers to febrile diseases.Zhou(疛)is abdominal disease.Feng(风)could be obtained from either external or internal cause.In the unearthed bamboo slips and silk documents,there various medical treatments for internal diseases,including offering sacrifices,prayer,zhuyou,physical exercises,breathing exercise,massage,external treatment,internal medicine,acupuncture and mental treatment.Conclusion: By analyzing sixty four disease names,we can find that disease names in the unearthed bamboo slips and silk documents are confused and vague.The diagnosis is mainly based on the patient’s external symptoms,and there is no systematic understanding of the etiology.The unearthed bamboo and silk documents have lasted for 600 years,which shows the development of treatments of traditional Chinese medicine for internal diseases.Its medical method has changed from sacrificial prayer,witchcraft to prescription treatment.And there are various forms prescription treatment.However traditional Chinese medicine decoction was not the mainstream form.And there are also many methods of treatment,such as sweating,emetic,cathartic,tonic and etc. |
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