| Objective: To investigate the correlation between diet,intestinal flora and their metabolites and osteoporosis based on dietary characteristics,intestinal flora diversity analysis and faecal metabolomics study.Methods:(1)The detection rate of OP in this population was 23.0%(95% CI: 20.1%-25.8%);gender,age,physical activity level,duration of exercise and early awakening were the influencing factors of OP(P<0.05 by univariate analysis);the MED mode score(β=0.064,P=0.018),DASH mode score(β=0.019,P=0.040),fruit and dairy pattern(factor 2)(β=0.089,P=0.021)had a significant linear relationship with BMD-T values,and the OP detection rate in the fourth quartile of the MED pattern [OR(95%CI)=0.57(0.34-0.96)] and fruit and dairy pattern [OR(95%CI)=0.58(0.35-0.96)] were lower than those in the first quartile,and the difference was statistically significant;the diets in the MED and fruit-and-dairy patterns were characterised by a reduced intake of refined rice and noodles,an increased intake of mixed grains and beans,potatoes,vegetables,fruits,mycorrhizae,aquaculture,and nuts,and a higher intake of dietary fiber and vitamins E,vitamin B6,vitamin C,and folate,as well as calcium,potassium,magnesium,and iodine;(2)Comparison of the general conditions of people with different levels of bone density did not show statistical differences(P>0.05),OTU cluster analysis OP group and control group contained specific bacterial groups,Alpha diversity analysis and Beta diversity analysis of the two groups did not show statistical differences;metastats intergroup analysis of significant differences found that the Eubacterium-hallii-group,Lactobacillus,Anaerostipes,Coprobacillus,Butyricoccus,and Ruminiclostridium6 at the genus level.The differences were statistically significant(P< 0.05),and linear discriminant analysis(LDA)yielded Lactobacillus,Pyramidobacter,and Anaerostipes as the species with significant differences;the MED scores were significantly and positively correlated with abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Firmicute(P<0.05)and significantly negatively correlated with Klebsiella.(P< 0.01);Fruit and Milk pattern scores were significantly positively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance(P < 0.01);Grain and cereal were significantly positively correlated with Butyricoccus and Bacteroides;Klebsiella were negatively correlated with fruit and aquatic intake,Lactobacillus abundance was significantly positively correlated with intake of legumes,meat,nuts and mycorrhizal algae,and carbohydrate intake was positively correlated with the phylum Bacteroidetes and Bacteroides and positively correlated with the phylum Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium;Lactobacillus was significantly positively correlated with both protein and fat intake(P < 0.01),and the genera with strong correlation with vitamin intake were Lactobacillus,Klebsiella and Subdoligranulu.The main groups of bacteria that correlated with mineral intake were Bacteroidetes at the phylum level,and Lactobacillus,Bacteroides,Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium at the genus level;(3)A total of 1,190 metabolites were identified,and organic acids and derivatives accounted for the highest proportion of 26.6%;38 metabolites with significant differences were obtained by univariate analysis,and 38 metabolites with significant differences were found by multidimensional analysis,among which 29 metabolites were significantly down-regulated,and 9 metabolites with significant differences were up-regulated.After metabolite annotation,22 differential metabolite pathways with high correlation were found,9 metabolic pathways were enriched by histamine,and those with significant enrichment were asthma,histidine metabolism,ketone body synthesis and catabolism,and those with more differential metabolite enriched were histidine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,biosynthesis of amino acids,and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism,and differential metabolite and intestinal flora also showed the 27 annotated differential metabolites were all food-related,of which 6 were host-related and 10 were related to the intestinal flora,among which the relevant flora for histidine metabolism was Firmicutest,and the down-regulation of Firmicutes in the OP group mediated the up-regulation of histamine in association with the occurrence of OP.CONCLUSION: The OP detection rate in this population is intermediate;MED pattern and fruit and dairy pattern are protective factors for OP,low intake of refined rice and noodles,increased intake of mixed grains and beans,potatoes,vegetables,fruits,aquatic products and nuts,and high intake of dietary fibre and vitamin E,vitamin B6,vitamin C,folate,and calcium,potassium,magnesium,and iodine are beneficial for bone.There is no difference in the diversity of intestinal flora between the OP population and the normal BMD population,but there are some differences in the composition of the flora,and the dietary characteristics are correlated with the abundance of intestinal flora,so that the dietary characteristics and the intestinal flora work together to influence the bone health of the population.There is a significant difference in the faecal metabolites between the OP population and the normal control population,and the metabolites and metabolic pathways with significant differences and high enrichment include Histamine,peroxyacetic acid,3-hydroxybutyric acid,etc.The metabolic pathways with significant differences were histaminic acid metabolism and nicotinic acid nicotinamide metabolism;the metabolites with significant differences were closely related to the intestinal flora,and the diet,intestinal flora and metabolites together affected the bone health of the population. |
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