Research On The Influence And Mechanism Of Filial Piety On The Psychological Adjustment Of College Students

Purpose: The psychological adaptation problems of college students,such as internalization and externalization,have always been the focus of attention of the community.With the rise and development of positive psychology in the West,sociology,psychology and other related disciplines have taken positive psychological qualities as an important means to improve the psychological adaptation of college student groups.However,in the context of cultural differences between the East and the West,there are differences in the causes and mechanisms of psychological problems,which leads to the phenomenon of maladjustment in college students who follow the psychological theories and intervention techniques developed in the Western culture and apply them to the Chinese culture.As cultural psychology states,“Individuals’ thinking,psychology,and behavior are shaped by the culture of the environment in which they live.Therefore,the psychological problems of individuals should be explored in the context of the culture in which they live.” Filial piety is one of the most distinctive Chinese cultures,and is also considered a positive and excellent moral quality of an individual,which profoundly influences the character,psychology and behavior of Chinese nationals.Therefore,this study will systematically explore the relationship between filial piety and college students’ psychological adjustment,the role mechanism of filial piety influencing college students’ psychological adjustment,and the intervention effect of filial piety on college students’ psychological adjustment through six sub-studies,with a view to providing data and theoretical references for the development of related research.The purpose of Study 1 is to reveal the causal relationship between filial piety and college students’ psychological adjustment,in order to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent research;the purpose of Studies 2 and 3 is to reveal the multiple intermediary mechanisms of filial piety’s influence on college students’ psychological adjustment from the perspective of cross-sectional surveys and longitudinal tracking studies.The purpose of Study 4and Study 5 is to reveal the moderated mediation mechanism of filial piety influencing college students’ psychological adjustment from the perspective of cross-sectional survey and longitudinal tracking study.The purpose of Study 6 is to clarify the effect of filial piety as a positive intervention on the improvement of college students’ psychological adjustment.Methods: In Study 1,a one-way between-subjects experimental design was used to conduct a recall initiation experiment with 271 subjects.In this study,the subjects’ reciprocal piety level and authoritarian piety level were the independent variables,and the subjects’ psychological adaptations(depression,anxiety,short video addiction,and self-control)were the dependent variables.The data were also analyzed with descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test using SPSS version 27.0 software.In Study 2,the Dual Filial Piety Scale,Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version,General Belongingness Scale,Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale 21,Short Video Addiction Scale,and Brief Self-Control Scale were used to conduct questionnaire surveys on 1,001 college students,in which the independent variable was the dual filial piety(X1 reciprocal filial piety,and X2 authoritarian filial piety),the mediator variable were neuroticism(M1)and general belongingness(M2),and the dependent variables were psychological adaptation:(Y1 depression,Y2 anxiety,Y3 short video addiction and Y4 self-control),and family structure was used as an additional variable in order to construct a cross-sectional multiple mediation model.The data were also analyzed using SPSS version 27.0 software for descriptive statistical analysis,common method bias test and correlation analysis;Amos version 24.0 software was used to construct the structural equation model.In Study 3,questionnaires were administered to college students surveyed during the T1 time period using the relevant scales from Study 2.Among them,the independent variables were dual filial piety(X1 reciprocal filial piety,and X2 authoritarian filial piety)in T1,the mediating variables were T2 neuroticism(M1)and general belongingness(M2),the dependent variables were T2 psychological adaptation:(Y1depression,Y2 anxiety,Y3 short video addiction and Y4 self-control),and the family structure was used as an additional variable in order to construct the longitudinal multimodal mediation model.The data were also analyzed with descriptive statistics,common method bias test and correlation analysis using SPSS version 27.0 software;structural equation modeling was constructed using Amos version 24.0 software.In Study 4,questionnaires were administered to 1001 college students using the Dual Filial Piety Scale,Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale,Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale 21,Short Video Addiction Scale,and Brief Self-Control Scale,with the independent variable being dual filial piety(X1 reciprocal filial piety,and X2 authoritarian filial piety),the mediator was intolerance of uncertainty(M1),and the moderating variable was self-control(W),and the dependent variables being psychological adaptation:(Y1 depression,Y2 anxiety,and Y3 short video addiction)in order to construct a horizontal moderated mediation model.The data were also analyzed using SPSS version 27.0 software for descriptive statistical analysis,common method bias test and correlation analysis;Model4 and Model14 in the PROCESS version 4.1 macro program developed by Hayes were used to test whether the mediator model and mediator model with moderation were valid,respectively.In Study 5,questionnaires were administered to college students surveyed in the T1 time period using the relevant scales from Study 4,where the independent variable was T1 dual filial piety(X1 reciprocal filial piety,and X2 authoritarian filial piety),the mediator variable was T2 intolerance of uncertainty(M1),the moderator variable was T2 self-control at the time point(W),and the dependent variable was T2 psychological adaptations:(Y1 depression,Y2 anxiety,and Y3 short video addiction)to construct a longitudinal moderated mediation model.The data were also analyzed using SPSS version 27.0 software for descriptive statistical analysis,common method bias test and correlation analysis;Model4 and Model14 in the PROCESS version 4.1 macro program developed by Hayes were used to test whether the mediator model and mediator model with moderation were valid,respectively.In Study 6,a 2(group: control,intervention)× 2(time point: pre-test,post-side)between-subjects experimental design was used to train 85 subjects in the filial expression intervention,in which the control and intervention groups were used as the between-subjects variables,and the measurement time was used as the within-subjects variable.The psychological adaptation of college students,i.e.,depression,anxiety,short video addiction,and self-control scores,were used as dependent variables.And SPSS version 27.0 software was used for independent samples t-test,repeated measures ANOVA test.Graphpad Prism version 9.5 software was used for plotting.Results: In Study 1,it was found that:(1)the experimental group,i.e.,recalling the reciprocal filial piety event was more able to significantly reduce the levels of depression,anxiety and short video addiction of college students compared with recalling the most memorized event;(2)recalling the reciprocal filial piety event was more able to significantly increase the self-control of college students compared with recalling the most memorized event;(3)recalling the authoritarian filial piety event was more able to significantly increase the levels of depression,anxiety and short video addiction of college students compared with recalling the most memorized events significantly increased college students’ levels of depression,anxiety,and short video addiction;and(4)recalling authoritarian filial piety events significantly decreased college students’ self-control compared with recalling the most memorized events.In Study 2,it was found that(1)reciprocal filial piety can reduce the levels of depression,anxiety,and short video addiction and improve the level of self-control of college students by reducing their neuroticism level;(2)reciprocal filial piety can reduce the levels of depression,anxiety,and short video addiction and improve the level of self-control of college students by increasing their general belongingness level;and(3)reciprocal filial piety can reduce the levels of depression,anxiety,and short video addiction and improve the level of self-control of college students by decreasing their neuroticism level,which in turn increases their general belongingness level to reduce their depression,anxiety and short video addiction level and improve their self-control level.(4)authoritarian filial piety can enhance college students’ levels of depression,anxiety,and short-video addiction by increasing their levels of neuroticism and decrease their levels of self-control;(5)authoritarian filial piety can enhance college students’ levels of depression,anxiety,and short-video addiction by decreasing their levels of general belongingness and decrease their levels of self-control;and(6)authoritarian filial piety can increase college students’ levels of neuroticism by increasing their general belongingness levels to raise their levels of depression,anxiety,and short video addiction,and to lower their levels of self-control.In Study 3,it was found that:(1)T1 reciprocal filial piety could affect college students’ T2 psychological adaptations(depression,anxiety,short video addiction,and self-control)through T2 neuroticism and T2 general belongingness,respectively;(2)T1 reciprocal filial piety could affect college students’ T2 psychological adaptations(depression,anxiety,short video addiction,and self-control)through the chain mediation of T2 neuroticism and T2 general belongingness;(3)T1 authoritarian filial piety was able to influence college students’ T2 psychological adaptations(depression,anxiety,short video addiction,and self-control)through the chain-mediated effects of T2 neuroticism and T2 general belongingness,respectively;and(4)T1 authoritarian filial piety was able to influence college students’ T2 psychological adaptations(depression,anxiety,short video addiction,and self-control)through the chain-mediated effects of T2 neuroticism and T2 general belongingness.In Study 4,it was found that(1)reciprocal filial piety could influence college students’ psychological adjustment through the mediating role of intolerable uncertainty;(2)self-control moderated the indirect effect of reciprocal filial piety on college students’ psychological adjustment through intolerable uncertainty;(3)authoritarian filial piety could influence college students’ psychological adjustment through the mediating role of intolerable uncertainty;(4)self-control moderated authoritarian filial piety’s indirect effect on college students’ psychological adjustment through intolerable uncertainty.In Study 5,it was found that(1)T2 intolerable uncertainty partially mediated the relationship between T1 reciprocal filial piety and T2 depression,T2 anxiety,and T2 short video addiction;(2)T2 self-control moderated the indirect effects of T1 reciprocal filial piety on college students’ T2 depression and T2 anxiety through T2 intolerable uncertainty,and failed to modulate the effects of T1 reciprocal filial piety on college students’ T2 short video addiction through T2 intolerable uncertainty’s indirect effects on college students’ T2 short video addiction;(3)T2 intolerable uncertainty partially mediated the relationship between T1 authoritarian filial piety and T2 depression,T2 anxiety,and T2 short video addiction;and(4)T2 self-control moderated T1 authoritarian filial piety’s indirect effects on college students’ T2 depression,and T2 anxiety via T2 intolerable uncertainty,while failing to moderate T1 authoritarian piety’s indirect effect on college students’ T2 short video addiction through T2 intolerable uncertainty.In Study 6,it was found that(1)there was no significant change in the pre-and post-test differences on short video addiction in the filial piety-expression group,and(2)there were significant differences in the pre-and post-side of reciprocal filial piety,depression,anxiety,and self-control in the filial piety-expression group,with reciprocal filial piety and self-control showing a significant increase in the post-test compared to the pre-test,and depression and anxiety showing a significant decrease in the post-side compared to the pre-test.Conclusions:(1)There are differences in the effects of filial piety on college students’ psychological adaptation,with reciprocal filial piety playing a positive role in college students’ psychological adaptation and authoritarian filial piety playing a negative role in college students’ psychological adaptation;(2)the psychological mechanisms by which filial piety affects college students’ psychological adaptation involve neuroticism,general belongingness,and intolerance of uncertainty,and there is a multiple mediating effect of "Neuroticism→General belongingness",as well as a mediating moderating effect of self-control and intolerance of uncertainty between filial piety and psychological adaptation;(3)filial piety expression can significantly enhance the level of psychological adaptation of college students,specifically filial piety expression can significantly enhance the level of reciprocal filial piety and the level of self-control of college students,and it can effectively reduce the level of depression and anxiety of college students.