Studies On Daoist Thunder Magic Of Hán N?m Incunabula

After thousands years of rural times,there is no country in the Chinese cultural circle has been most affected by Taoism like Vietnam,which affects daily lives of the Vietnamese people from ancient to present.From the Han Nan ancient books in the Vietnamese National Library,to Taoist cultural relics of the History Museum,the Seal of the Anthropology Museum,the existing Taoist temples in Vietnam,and in the daily life of modern Vietnamese,we find Taoism（especially Taoist Magic Art）influences on ancient and modern Vietnamese society.In the Han Nan ancient books in Vietnam,there are large number of manuscripts and periodicals of Taoist Magic Art.Their contents are rich,from life care to personal marriage,prayers for sons,pregnancy protection,child protection,life extension and concern for the afterlife,Li Dou Rang Xing礼斗禳星,getting rid of plague,praying for sunshine and rain,drives locusts away,protects crops,and so on.thunder magic runs through the history of development of Taoist magic in Vietnam during the Le and Nguyen Period.There Vietnamese Taoist scriptures of the Le Nguyen Period are rich in Chinese Taoist elements,but they also have their own characteristics:1.Most of these scriptures are published and engraved by Vietnamese Buddhist temples,shrines or Vietnamese folk Taoist altars;2.They show a form of being truncated,destroyed,and highly abbreviated.It is even difficult for us to find similar and earlier versions to determine their relationship with the more standard texts of the classics of Daoist Canon.In view of this,this thesis is divided into five chapters,with thunder magic as the center and taking the Vietnamese society of the Le Nguyen Period as the background,discusses“Taoism in Vietnam”and“Vietnamese Taoism”in three aspects.First,through the Han Nan ancient books of the Le Nguyen Period,combined with the geographical environment,social environment and humanistic customs,it addresses why Taoist Lei Fa was so prosperous in Vietnamese society during the Le Nguyen Period?There were both internal and external reasons:on the one hand,it is mainly due to the fact that Nan Du Taoists and Fu Shui masters introduced a large number of Taoist spells to Vietnam,and at the same time,based on historical Sino-Vietnamese special relationship,led especially to establishment of Taoist temples and altars during the Northern Period of Vietnam and the Ming Dynasty of China.This promoted the establishment of Taoist management institutions in Vietnam.On the other hand,Li Chen dynasty respected Taoism activities in Vietnam,and Taoists and Fu Shui monks helped to promote the“downward movement and folklore”of Taoism in Vietnamese society;Thunderous weather in Vietnam and folk customs of admiring ghosts provided a basis for the spread of Taoism.During the long-term war of Li Nguyen Period,the development trend of Vietnamese society into autonomous villages,the royal families of Zheng and Nguyen restricting Taoist activities in palace courts,Taoism had no choice but to move into civil society.However,because of its“rescue function”of“Ren Zhu Ling Ying”稔着灵应,is often seen in Vietnamese civil society as a great method of“saving the country and saving the people”.Second,to answer the question of the organized and systematic inheritance of Vietnamese Taoism during the Le Nguyen Period.Through the study of Shen Xiao Yu Ge Gong Wen神霄玉格攻文,we can accurately say that although the Vietnam Taoism in the Li Nguyen Period has a Buddhist color.However,the Vietnames Taoists and Buddhist monks were completely imitating the Chinese Taoist system of“giving,performing,compensating,and promoting”,and established a complete Taoism transmission system,which has been very closely preserved.In other Han Nan ancient books,it also shows Buddhist monks in the 18^thcentury as Zhengyi priests holding Taoist Thunder Magic ceremonies.But different from the way that Chinese Taoism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties relied on“Sect Tree（派谱）”inheritance during the Le Nguyen Period,the way of inheriting Taoism in Vietnam was more ancient.According to the“Dao Number”of“Original Destiny”as the way of inheritance method,taking the purpose of Classic of the Way and its Power道德经,the name was established with the characters“Dao（道）”and“Xuan（玄）”.Third,Study specific Taoism methods from a close perspective.It mainly includes the“tortoise shape talisman”and“serpent shape talisman”in the exorcism ceremony;and analysis of Taoism elements in the manuscripts of marriage prayers for the Yao ethnic group in Vietnam.The argument found:Vietnamese Civil Society in Le Nguyen Period,Lei Fa is a common phenomenon in use.Also,there exists a phenomenon of“Three Religions returning to“Dao”in religious practice.However,at the classics engraving,the subject of sacrificial ceremony of Taoism,mainly dominated by Buddhists monks;In terms of belief,the Vietnamese native gods shaped by“Taoizaion”have come into the mainstream.At the same time,making tradition of“Zao Zuo Shu Fu”造作符书an important to“Vietnamese”Taoism,it also shows the creativity of Vietnamese Taoists and Buddhist monks.