Research On Critical Method Of Wen Xin Diao Long

The critical method of Wen Xin Diao Long is not only the core element of Liu Xie’s literary theory,but also a valuable resource of ancient Chinese literary theory.The existing research on the critical methods of Wen Xin Diao Long is either keen on "interpreting China with the West" or focusing on "a narrow-vision solution",which often obscures the inherent Chinese characteristics and integrity of Liu Xie’s literary theory.The critical method of Wen Xin Diao Long is not only rooted in the methodology of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism,but also Liu Xie’s realistic response to the literary theory and critical problems of his time.As for the latter,the problem consciousness of Liu Xie’s literary theory is manifested in three practical worries related to the critical methods: first,the "Modern Writers...Failed to shake their leaves to find their roots and explore the source through the mountains",second,the literary critics "can not see the whole road and only have narrow-view vision",and third,the literary creators "wanted to practice more rhetorical skills and were unwilling to study writing skills".Liu Xie’s three worries(or "problem consciousness")gave birth to three methods of literary criticism in Wen Xin Diao Long: traceability method,broad-view method and compromise method.To study the critical methods of Wen Xin Diao Long,we need to trace the methodological foundation of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism culture and the realistic worries of Liu Xie’s literary theory criticism.On this basis,we should explain the name and apply the theory to promote the unification of the three critical methods of Wen Xin Diao Long to reveal the historical meaning and modern value of the critical methods.According to the above ideas and framework,in addition to the introduction and conclusion,the article is divided into four chapters.The first chapter mainly discusses the problem consciousness of the critical method of Wen Xin Diao Long,which is a work to slove the problems.Liu Xie tried to correct the inappropriate atmosphere of emphasizing gorgeous sentences and inflated words in the Song dynasty and Qi dynasty.So he put forward the literary theory idea of seeking the root and tracing the origin,and looked for the methodological root and essence from the culture of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism.As far as the critical method is concerned,Liu Xie attributed the inappropriate tendency of literary theory at that time.one is "going to saint for a long time,the style is dissolved",the other is "looking east,not seeing the west wall",and the third is that we can not "understand both ancient and modern,novel and classics,mind and objective existence".Liu Xie also realized that three dilemmas can bring three malpractices of literary theory.It can be concluded by three aspects: one is "failure to find the root",the other is "only have narrow-view vision",and the third is "ignore the writing skills".The three deviations of critical methods lead to three dilemmas of literary theory and Criticism.How to get out of the dilemma? How to slove the problem? Liu Xie put forward three methods of Literary Theory Criticism:traceability method,broad-view method and compromise method.The second chapter mainly discusses the connotation,form and main axis of the Traceability Method of Wen Xin Diao Long.The tracing method has a linear historical consciousness.By tracing back to the origin,development and end of a phenomenon,it obtains the law from the development process and guides practice.The theory of "from beginning to end" in the book of changes embodies the traceability thinking of obvious observation;The yearning and description of ancient Taoism in Zhuangzi shows the trace from prescriptions to Taoism;The writing method of "primitive observation of the end" in historical records shows the traceability goal of observing the rise and fall of the whole world,which are the theoretical sources of traceability.The method of tracing the source of Wen Xin Diao Long is widely used in stylistics.It mainly dredges the source of the works of previous dynasties in the way of "history".There are four specific forms: word and sentence tracing,rhetoric tracing,stylistic tracing and example tracing.The traceability method not only pays attention to "laying out the view and listing the generations",but also emphasizes "summarizing the similarities and differences" and uses horizontal comparison when tracing the source.On the whole,the tracing method takes the time evolution as the clue,and follows the three main axes of style,quality and origin.The third chapter mainly discusses the connotation of broad-view method in Wen Xin Diao Long and its specific application and characteristics in literary creation and appreciation.Broad-view method has a round spatial consciousness.It expands vision and knowledge by studying Classics,improves creative level by learning and practicing,and improves appreciation ability by seeing broad.Confucianism advocates "valuing integrity" and "erudition",Taoism advocates "the integrity of Spirit","knowing heaven and man",and Buddhism advocates "being perfect and wonderful".These are the theoretical sources of Liu Xie’s broad-view method.The broad-view method of Wen Xin Diao Long is widely used in literary creation theory,criticism and appreciation.The broad view of literary creation breaks through the limitations of body view by "traveling with spirit and objective existence",accumulates learning and rational thinking and feeds the poor,saves chaos and wins.The broad view of criticism and appreciation expands the space of criticism,makes the vision of criticism round and obtains the greatest freedom of appreciation by "deep understanding" and "seeing differences".The fourth chapter mainly discusses the connotation of the compromise method in Wen Xin Diao Long and its two characteristics of "upholding classics to control strangeness" and "both understanding and communication".The compromise method breaks the "opposition" with "advocating the middle",which is widely used to apply the theory to the category of literary theory.As the theoretical source of Liu Xie’s eclectic method,the book of changes upholds Chinese auspiciousness,Confucianism regards the golden mean as beauty,Taoism regards the central link as the supreme Tao,and Buddhism’s empty sect takes the middle view as its manifestation.Compromise method is a critical method to control the whole book of Wen Xin Diao Long,and it is an overall observation of literature and art.Through the concrete analysis of the eclectic sentence pattern and the concept of classics and strangeness,it can be seen that the compromise method takes “classics” as the fundamental criterion to deal with the opposite category,and has an invariable general outline and axis.At the same time,the compromise method also has high flexibility in specific practice,emphasizing the stylistic selection according to the specific situation,stylistic characteristic and personal talent,emphasizing the integration and promotion of opposing categories in interweaving,co-ordination and mutual exterior and interior,and emphasizing the integration and innovation in the combination of two phases.Through the overall observation of the critical method of Wen Xin Diao Long,we can reveal the era value and academic significance of the critical method of Wen Xin Diao Long.It is a useful attempt to sort out the previous dragon studies from the perspectives of creation theory,appreciation theory and style theory,taking the critical method as the starting point and Liu Xie’s problem consciousness and solution as the axis.Liu Xie’s critical methods also enlighten and guide the evolution of later critical methods,such as poetic style,poetic style and poetic method.In addition,exploring the critical methods in the treasure house of ancient Chinese literary theory is beneficial to the modern transformation of ancient literary theory,and has certain reference value and enlightenment significance for today’s literary criticism practice.