A Phonological Deep Study On The Dialect Of Jincheng Basin In Shanxi Province

Jincheng Basin dialect is located in the junction area between the Shanxi Jin language and the Northern Henan Jin language and the Central Plains official dialect Fenhe,which is divided into the Jincheng dialect sub-cluster,Changzhi dialect sub-cluster in Shangdang dialect cluster and Fenhe River part of Zhongyuan Mandarin.This dissertation focuses on the phonological features and evolution of Jincheng Basin dialect,basing on the data from 75 townships in 6 cities investigated by the author,by using various research methods such as the classical Comparative Method,inductive statistics method and geographic linguistics.It covers seven chapters,and the four of which constructs the main body of the paper.In the First chapter,the author gives a general introduction of Jincheng basin,such as the geographical overview,administrative evolution,the definition of dialect in Jincheng basin,the current studies of dialect in Jincheng basin.Clarified the study purpose,significance,methods and materials.In the Scond chapter mainly discusses the pronunciation types and evolution of the initial of Jincheng basin dialects.This part introduces the brief of initials,including the number and differences of initials,comparison with Medieval Chinese initials.The pronunciation of MC ni(泥)and lai(来)initials is mixed.This paper holds that the lai(来)mixed with ni(泥)mostly occurred in rhyme with a nasal ending,which should be caused by the evolution of phonetics itself;ni(泥)mixed with lai(来)mostly occurred in rhyme with an open ending,which should be the remains in dialect;When the character"nian(碾),nian(黏)and nao(挠)" is pronounced as the ri(日)initial,it should be the trace of‘separation of ni(泥)and niang(娘)initials’and‘no separation of niang(娘)andri(日)initials’in medieval times.The situation of sharp and round intials(尖团音)is complex.There are 14 pronunciation types.The rhyme distribution and pronunciations forms in each place are different.There are neat correspondence,cross correspondence and chaotic correspondence between sharp initial and round initial,which reflects the asynchronous development of them.Zhi,zhuang,zhang(知庄章)group can be divided into three types,oneness,dichotomy and trisection,with oneness as the main type.The prominent feature of this area is the confluence of Zhi,zhuang,zhang(知庄章)group and finals of big apertures of jing(精)group.Zhi,zhuang,zhang(知庄章)group has experienced two tongue rolling movements.In the second tongue rolling movement,Zhi,zhuaug,zhaug(知庄章)group take the jing(精)group to ’turn back and evolve’.The ri(日)group pronounces as(?),which evolved gradually after the Yuan Dynasty;The ri(日)group pronounces as zero initial follow the evolution of ri(日)group comes from the nasal weakening in northern Chinese.Asynchronous development of fricative,plosive and affricate.According to the development speed of pronunciation,this paper infers that the bottom form is[ts]group after the confluence of Zhi,zhuang,zhang(如庄章)group and jing(精)group formation in Jincheng basin dialect.In the second tongue rolling movement,the evolution of fricative and affricate separate gradually under the influence of surrounding strong dialects.It reflected the transitional nature of dialects in the border area.The 3rd Chapter introduces the number and characteristics of finals.Yinsheng(阴声)Rhyme,yangsheng(阳声)rhyme and rusheng(入声)rhyme are described and discussed in this part.Three prominent features are selected for special discussion.There are a lot of changes in yangsheng(阳声)rhyme,which leads to the complex confluence phenomenon.In the process of confluence,some dialect points merge under the condition of big vs.small aperture of finals,forming the phenomenon of rhyme division.Rusheng(入声)Rhyme can be divided into four groups,three groups,two groups and one group,which reflects the diversity of dialects in the border area.The glottal stop of rhyme with a stop ending dropped in six dialects points of Jincheng city,while they still retained independent finals.The spelled of closed vowel of rhyme with a stop ending and retroflex initials will be rhotacized,the glottal stop is weakened and maintained the original tone in 10 dialect points.The phenomenon of Yinsheng(阴声)rhyme pronounced as yangsheng(阳声)rhyme widely exists in Jincheng basin dialects.From the perspective of distribution,it can be divided into systematic phonetic change and exceptional phonetic change.The formation of this phenomenon has the reasons of initials and finals,as well as the influence of phonological pattern and pronunciation mechanism.Change of the medial[i][u][y]reflects the self innovation of Jincheng basin dialect in phonetic evolution.Rhyme division of initials zhier-zhuang(知二庄)and zhisan-zhang(知三章)is a special phonetic phenomenon.It transforms the opposition between the initials into the opposition between the finals.The article believes that the third grade medial[i]makes the main vowel of zuasan-zhang(知三章)high and forward.When it falls off,the vowels of zhier-zhuang(知二庄)and zhisan-zhang(知三章)are different.In Chapter Fourth,the tone part introduces the number of tonal categories,the division and combination of tonal categories and the characteristics of tone.A series of arguments show that level tone does not split into(阴平)and(阳平)is an ancient pronunciation.The instability of even tone in MC and departing tone in MC reflects the difference between the marginal dialect and the core dialect of Jin dialect;The laxation of entering tone can be divided into self laxation and passive laxation.In Chapter Five the author talks about the pronunciation types of Z inflection,fusion type and fusion composition.There are three types of Z inflection:[?][u][?].Z rhyme alternation is mainly long tone type,which has both fusion type and splicing type.Rhyme change is accompanied by tone change at the same time;there have a variety of corresponding relationships between single characters rhyme and Z rhyme alternation,the fusion components of Z rhyme alternation come from suffix zi(子).In Chapter Six,the dissertation compares the similarities and differences between Jincheng basin dialect and surrounding dialects.By comparing it with the core of Jin dialect,Fenhe group dialect of Zhongyuan Mandarins,Jin dialect in north Henan and Changzhi dialect sub-cluster in Shangdang dialect cluster,it is concluded that the relationship between Jincheng basin dialect and the surrounding dialects.On the basis of summarizing the common phonetic characteristics and internal differences of Jincheng basin dialect,the last part analyzes the attribution of the east of Qinshui city dialect and believes that the east of Qinshui city dialect is more suitable to be classified into Jincheng dialect sub-cluster.Jincheng basin dialect has three characteristics:the internal individuality of the dialect is greater than the commonness,it has obvious transition,it is both conservative and innovative.