Wang Fuzhi’s Criticism And Development Of Neo-confucianism In Song And Ming Dynasties

Wang Fuzhi made a comprehensive study and summary of ancient Chinese scholarship.His criticism and development of Neo-Confucianism is an important part of this academic work.The core of Wang Fuzhi’s understanding of Confucianism is the middle way of Confucianism.The socalled "middle way" means that there is no case that does not conform to the Tao.He believed that the changes of The Times were closely related to academic emptiness and vulgarism,and tried to clear out the bias,and tried to establish the academic foundation for the realization of "governance" through the establishment of "middle way".Wang Fuzhi thinks that the theme of Neo-Confucianism is to re-establish the "middle way" thought of Confucianism and criticize the partial and vulgar factors associated with heretical thoughts in neo-Confucianism.The basic way is the "middle way" initiated by Zhang Zai and Zhou Dunyi to reconstruct the relationship between heaven and man.The evolution of NeoConfucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties and the disputes and problems highlighted in it are closely related to the middle Way thought which did not carry out Confucianism.The theoretical achievements of NeoConfucianism in The Song and Ming dynasties created the ideological basis for the vulgar and heretical thoughts from different angles,which was the academic motivation of his criticism of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties.Wang Fuzhi’s criticism of the three schools of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties has a consistent criterion,which is the way of thinking of "Zhongdao one".The middle path thinking,but wang fu-zhi thought inherited from zhang zai and on the basis of cheng and zhu during school of abuses,the tathagata thinking specifically used in the discourse of the qi theory,emphasizes the understanding of natural-principles conscience must be combined with experience reality humanity accomplishment course,emphasizing the cultivation of humanity not only from the abstract of natural-principles conscience,thus formed the basic way of thinking of the tathagata a principle.On the one hand,Wang Fuzhi criticized the three schools of Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties for their inadequate implementation of the Doctrine of the Middle Way,and criticized the ideological elements in the three schools of Confucianism that were easy to turn to heresy and vulgism.On the other hand,the theoretical achievements of the three schools of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties,especially the discourse on nature and conscience and cultivation methods,were empirically transformed.The main contents of Wang Fuzhi’s inheritance of Zhang Zai’s thought are qi theory and middle way thought.He developed Zhang Zai’s world view that "taixu" is "qi",further reformed zhang Zai’s structural theory of human nature and self-cultivation by means of the middle way thinking,and differentiated the concept of taixu and the theory of nature in Zhang Zai’s thought.Wang Fuzhi criticized cheng and Zhu’s abstract application of heaven and reason,and explained that the main problem of Cheng and Zhu’s thought is that the base spirit is respected,which does not conform to the middle way of thinking.Wang Fuzhi judged Lu Wang’s thought to be a heresy.He thought that the main evil of Lu Wang’s thought was that it did not accord with the middle way of thinking.Wang Fuzhi criticizes yangming school of no good and no evil,conscience and see in conscience,the interpretation of "The University" and the concept of knowledge and action.On this basis,it is shown that conscience itself is easy to be confused with perception and emotion,and the discussion on conscience by Yangming Later school leads the realistic path of the subject of conscience to the direction of perception and emotion,and abstractly deduces the status of the subject of conscience,showing a tendency of impracticality in self-cultivation.Wang fuzhi gradually inherited cheng Zhu Si want to neo-confucianism thought structure and its basic topics,and to expand their own academic field,and zhu tong process logic structured thinking method,structured development of its own theory,and theory and the cultivation of cheng Zhu Si think day way to discuss the experience was reformed.Wang Fuzhi inherited the emphasis on the subject of conscience from Yangming’s theory of mind,distinguished the relationship between conscience and perception,and reformed and absorbed the subject of conscience by means of middle way thinking.Wang Fuzhi’s development of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties is mainly reflected in the implementation of the middle way of thinking,the concretization of theoretical problems and the expansion of research fields.Wang Fuzhi’s emphasis and return to the middle way of thinking,his criticism and development of Neo-Confucianism under the middle way of thinking,not only criticized the abstract and solidified ideological elements of Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasty,but also did not have the tendency of denying the tradition and affirming the theory of unrestricted desire.The factors of Neo-Confucianism in Wang Fuzhi’s thought are not in conflict with the early Enlightenment thought,and the combination of them lies in the implementation of the middle way thought.