A Study On The Degree Adverb "Ting" And Its Related Constructions

The degree adverb "ting" and its related constructions are widely used in modern Chinese oral communication and have special pragmatic functions and communicative values.At present,there are relatively few interactive perspective studies and special systematic studies on the degree adverb "ting".Existing studies pay more attention to the degree and magnitude of "ting" and subjective emotion judgment,but have not yet formed a unified conclusion.Are "ting" and "hen" at the same level? Does "ting" have subjective emotional color and what kind of emotional color? There are still differences on such issues.The discourse function and special value of "ting" and its related constructions in real conversational communication have not attracted sufficient attention from the academic community.Based on this,from the perspective of language interaction,this dissertation uses real conversation materials to conduct a comprehensive and detailed special study on the degree adverb "ting" and its related constructions "ting + XP +(de)" and "ting + A +ge + NP".The dissertation is divided into seven chapters:The first chapter is the introduction.Firstly,it introduces the research origin and research object of this paper,and expounds the research ideas and significance of this paper.Secondly,it systematically combs and summarizes the existing research results of the degree adverb "ting" and its related constructions.On the basis of summarizing the previous research results and shortcomings,find the entry and breakthrough point of this study.Finally,it systematically introduces the relevant theories and research methods used in this paper,and explains the source of corpus and special symbols.The second chapter is the grammaticalization of "ting".The semantic evolution of the adverb "ting" is based on positive semantic meanings such as "outstanding" and "prominent(beyond general)",which to a certain extent affects and determines the semantic collocation of "ting" in modern Chinese oral communication.From the perspective of syntactic structure,the position of "ting" in the syntactic position provides a possibility for the re-analysis of syntactic structure.The grammatical mechanism of "ting" mainly includes semantic metaphorical mechanism,syntactic re-analysis and pragmatic reuse.The grammaticalization process of "ting" is accompanied by subjectivization,which is the diachronic manifestation of the subjectivity of "ting".The third chapter is a study of the pragmatic function of "ting".From the perspective of language interaction,this paper investigates the pragmatic features of "ting" in real discourse communication."Ting" in the expression of degree quantity focuses on expressing the speaker’s affirmation of the degree of the character of the object,rather than describing the level of objective degree.The positive confirmation of this high measure makes the floating degree of the magnitude of "ting" relatively low,and relevant evidence can be found at the syntactic,semantic and pragmatic levels.The high measurement of "ting" affirms and confirms the subjective evaluation of the speaker.In the process of expressing the evaluation position,"ting" shows certain uniqueness,which is manifested in the following aspects: strong subjectivity;expected relevance is relatively close;have certain courtesy and interactivity.The fourth chapter is a comparative study of "ting","hen" and "guai".Starting from the differentiation of the three in the expression function of degree quantity,this paper reveals their differences in syntactic combination,semantic rhyme and syntactic function.In particular,we pay attention to the dependence of "ting","hen","guai" and the modal particle "de".Besides,we try to explain its distribution.The fifth chapter is a case study of the construction of "ting+XP+(de)".Through the replacement analysis of the inspection corpus,it summarizes the formal symmetry law of the variable component XP and the looming law and causes of the non-essential component "de".At the level of syntactic environment,the construction of "ting+XP+(de)" is often combined with six types of components,including "expressive position component","affirmative confirmation component","presumably estimated component","mood component","reverse questioning component" and "anti-anticipatory marking".Its constructional meaning can be summarized as: the speaker affirms subjectively the character XP of the said object."Ting+XP+(de)" construction has the discourse functions of "instant interaction","subjective comment" and "expected association".Affected by the positive semantic prosody of "ting",the discourse functions of "comforting" and "polite and euphemism" can be reflected in specific communication scenarios.The sixth chapter is a case study of the construction of "ting + A + ge + NP".In the process of interactive communication,this construction shows some particularity,which is embodied as follows: it is not self-sufficient in syntax,and often co-occurs with anti-expected information to form a syntactic structure of "promoting first and restraining later”;semantically,the positive attribute of NP causes semantic conflict with the anti-expected information of subsequent sentences,which contains the meaning of " pretending to praise but actually belittling”;pragmatically,it predicts the counter-expected information of subsequent sentences and has the pragmatic function of introducing negative evaluation.The mutual education relationship between the speaker’s communicative intention and the shaping of the construction makes the degree adverb "ting" and the quantifier "ge" become the fixed and typical components of the construction,and they are irreplaceable.The variable component “A” that can enter this construction usually needs to have the semantic characteristics of [+commendation] or [+ a large number]."NP” mostly involves specific groups and events related to people,as well as nominal components that are easy to activate specific cultural connotation and social general cognition.According to the discourse form of the following sentence,the discourse environment and communication intention of this construction can be summarized into four types: " interrogative context and surprised query "," turning context and regret sympathy "," rhetorical context and dissatisfaction blame "," imperative context and reminder dissuasion ".Various types are not completely separated,but mutual implication.The discourse function and generation motivation of this construction mainly include" predictive function under the absorption of context "," politeness function driven by pragmatic principles " and " empathy function under the construction of cognitive model”.From the perspective of conventionalization,this construction has been interpreted to a certain extent,which is mainly reflected in the high solidification of language form and the relative stability of emerging meaning.The motivation of conventionalization mainly includes the high-frequency use of construction and the driving of politeness principle.The seventh chapter is the conclusion.This paper combs and summarizes the main viewpoints obtained in this paper,points out the research value and shortcomings of this paper,and puts forward the prospect of more in-depth and systematic research in the future.