Study On The Thought Of Feng Youlan About Inner Saint And Outer Kingliness

Both traditional and modern new Confucianists have the sage complex,which is based on the pursuit of the way of internal and external kings.The Confucian spirit of "the world is prosperous and responsible" is always characterized by the personality of "the inner saint and outer kingliness "from the sage ideal of "cultivating oneself to the safety of the people","cultivating oneself to rule the country with the family" and "worrying about the world first and then the joy of the world".After the baptism of the three ideological trends of "cultural conservatism,liberalism and socialism" in the 1920s and 1930s,the traditional sage ideal was strongly impacted.The popularization of saints has become the requirement of the times.It has become a common understanding to establish a sound personality and pursue the consciousness of freedom and equality.As a new Confucian Town,Feng Youlan,unlike the Westernization school,insists on the supremacy of scientific value and negates the value of Confucianism in an all-round way.His thought of the inner saint and the foreign king is the concentrated embodiment of the connotation of his new Neo Confucianism system.On the one hand,he advocated to stick to the position of Confucianism and hold expectations of Confucian ideal personality.On the one hand,we should transcend the traditional Confucian approach of cultivating and managing peace and doing things from morality,and connect the modern value system with the Philosophy(metaphysical)sage view.Feng Youlan reinterprets the traditional Confucian thought core of the inner saint and the foreign king from the perspective of a philosopher and a philosophical historian.Only philosophy can make people have a kind of Saint state.He constructed a system of thought of the inner saints and the outer kingliness by the way of Philosophy(metaphysics).As complementary methods,the positive and negative methods are logical analysis and intuitive understanding.It is the combination of Western Neo realism and Chinese Taoism,Zen,song and Ming Taoism.He deduced the highest concepts of cosmology ontology,namely,reason,Qi,Tao body and grand total from four propositions,namely,there is something must be,and everything must exist,and then a rational world is constructed.The world of reason and the world of fact are the same entity,and the reason is in advance.The understanding of the world of reason can open up the mind of the ancient times and the realm of saints.The four realms of life experience are natural,utilitarian,moral and heaven and earth,and the degree of awareness is from low to high.The state of nature and utility are the realm of non philosophy,and the realm of morality and heaven and earth are philosophical.The people in the natural and utilitarian realm are ordinary people,the people in the moral realm can be called virtuous people,and the people in the realm of heaven and earth can be called saints.The realm of heaven and earth can be divided into knowing the heaven,the event sky,the happy heaven and the same heaven.The four realms in the realm of heaven and earth are the layers of "the time of heaven and man",and the highest state of saints is the same heaven.If we want to maintain the realm of saints,we need the cultivation of the saints,that is,the methods of knowledge,respect,self-cultivation and righteousness collection.Saints are open and open,and they must do their best to keep up with the daily use of human relations.So the saint is not static,but moving.There are no professional saints,only saints in life.The life method of saints is a kind of behavior norm which needs to be noticed at all times in daily life,and it is a rational way of life,which includes the joint function of moral reason and rational reason.Feng Youlan’s idea of inner saint and outer kingliness is that the realm is inseparable from life and has its own state in life.The realm is the self-cultivation of the inner saints,and life is the social function of the outer kingliness.The sage’s inner and outer kingliness are both worldly and out of the world.Thus,the way of the inner and outer kingliness has the characteristics of "extremely high and the way is moderate".The middle way thinking of"extremely high and the middle mean" is used to solve the contradiction between Wang and Sheng,movement and stillness,entering and leaving the world,the world of reason and phenomenon,mystery and rationality,morality and politics,and seeking the goal of sanctification.Feng Youlan used this standard to evaluate the traditional idea of inner saint and outer kingliness.He thinks that the thought of the inner saints and outer kingliness from the pre Qin Dynasty to the Taoism of song and Ming Dynasties has not reached the highest standard of "extremely high and the Tao is moderate".For example,Confucianism lacks high intelligence,Taoism lacks mediocrity,Zen is both wise and mediocre,but two lines are not one line.Although Taoism in song and Ming Dynasties is one line,it is still a bit of muddle and water,which is not enough.It should be said that Feng Youlan’s idea of internal saints and outer kingliness has opened up a new situation on the basis of traditional internal saints and outer kingliness,and at the same time,it is different from the thought of the inner saint and outer kingliness of the new Confucian School of mind.For example,Xiong Shili,Mou ZongSan and others followed by Lu Wang’s heart learning to say that the inner and external kings regarded the heart or nature as the noumenon and thought that everything was from the heart.They and Feng Youlan represented the Neo Confucianism school,both of which introduced western thoughts into their own thoughts of the inner saints and outer kingliness.Although their thoughts are integrated into the spirit of the times,they still hold the ideal personality of"inner saints and outer kingliness" of Confucianism.