The Humanity Thoughts Of New Neo-Confucianism

The so-called human's study is adopts"the principle"- - the old Neo-Confucianism so-called"the God's principle"to inquire into that"human's jutification", namely human's essence, the human takes the genuine human 's basic way, as well as human 's goal and significance.Feng Youlan establishes the new Neo-Confucianism system inherited and has developed the Chinese tradition philosophy special characteristic, in the Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism's foundation, the logic analysis which he said it was the method of positive was introduced in philosophy research. He proposed"truth","reality"and"Actual things"three concepts, elaborates its ontology tool by these three concepts achievement. The Chinese tradition philosophy"Tao","God","wu(non-being)","T'ai Chi(the Supreme Ultimate)","entire", the Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism's"Li(Principle)","Yuan Ch'i"and so on concepts can be possible to belong to"the truth"category;"virtues","Being","jutification","Ch'i(Matter)"and so on concepts may belong to"reality"the category; And exists actually the entity is"Actual things","Actual things"is"the truth"and"reality"synthesis. These three concepts may summarize the"Definite - - Denial - - Denial of denial"of the diagnostic triad. The triad by the logical way elaboration Tao's spead, the essence lies in the spiritual the self-movement, namely the existence is one kind of spread.By the ontology deduction, the subtance is activity. The subtance's performance for Tao is"the nature"- - the completely performance is nature of the righteousness; The actual performance is nature of the reality. All actual existences are initiative, positive and"live", this has laid the logical foundation for the life production, therefore the life production is reasonable and inevitably, is existence full manifestation. In the life, human manifest Tao's spread most, the human takes the genuine activity, had the high consciousness and understanding, their subject is called as"the mind", its performance's outness is"the emotion".From the Tao to the human,the complete individual has been formed, is also the nature and the spiritual complex. The reason that the human the manner is essence, is also the Ren(humanity). Has the quality in the Tao's denial-like spead process, Quality's denial produces the Ren, the Ren continues the self-denial, has righteousness, the order, wise, the credit. The human must have the relations with other people, the Ren manifests in the interpersonal relationship ,namely society, finally.In the ancient times and the agricultural society, the family maintained the human survival, this time the human survival way of the home-based, take China as representative; But to the modern age, the family must form the society, human's value idea and the behavior way of the society-based, take the West as representative. Because the bases are different, creates Chinese and West's difference as urban and rural. China obtains way of the free basis to lie in the ideological concept and in the social economy system achieves from the home-based to the society-based, this is"elaborates the old country, thus assists the new mission".One kind of society's person's behavior should conform to the basic rule which principle of this social stipulated. In the modern society, the human participates in the social life by two ways, respectively is take selfish as the goal, thus produces between members of different social classes' resistance way; As well as realizes through benefits him to be possible well selfish, thus produces between members of different social classes' cooperation way. Two ways have represented the two kind of realms named the utility and the moral, they are the social development must.Individual and the society is merely the human fixed and the inevitable existence, compared to this higher free idea and the spiritual existence, respectively is art and the religion: Art by direct-viewing way to survival situation free assurance; The religion takes the direct idea the ultimate dependence. Only the philosophy can grasp the idea by the rational resonsideration, the one who achieves the philosophy level is the sage.By the new Neo-Confucianism's method and the theory, Feng Youlan can analyze the philosophy of life the subject, namely"Four Realm"theory. The natural realm is the opposite which direct and the abstract free will starts at first and must experience; The free will forms self with the aid of this opposite, taking self-maintains as the center is the utilitarian realm; After self-awareness continues has an opposite, self to be possible to maintain well, when namely through achievement others may well achievement, the moral realm produced; Combines into one in dissemination neutral Tao, may call on is the world realm. In"Four Realms", natural realm"not", but is actually is"has self"but essential; The utilitarian realm"has self"; The moral realm is true"has self"; The world boundary formally"indifferently has self", but is actually true"has self greatly". Therefore"Four Realms"the core is"self", the essence is the utilitarian realm.Through the new Neo-Confucianism system construction, Feng Youlan replied the questions of what is the human - - God principle manifestation; What the human can do - - to grasp the spiritual strength, has the high consciousness and understanding; How should the human live - - pursues the high realm through the social life, namely"pursues wise in the ordinary life", forms the new Neo-Confucianism the complete human study thought.