A Study Of The Inscriptions On Bronze In Qing Dynasty

In the history of bronze inscription studies,the Qing Dynasty was the second peak after the Song Dynasty.The Qing dynasty saw a broad group of scholars studying bronze inscriptions,a large number of related works,a significant increase in the level of interpretation of bronze inscriptions,and an elaboration of ancient textual constructions.Overall,scholars in the Qing dynasty achieved remarkable results in the study of bronze inscriptions.This paper is based on the study of bronze inscriptions by scholars of the Qing dynasty,and is based on the books on bronze inscriptions of the Qing dynasty.The structure of this paper and the main contents of the relevant chapters are as follows.The first part of the introduction introduces the reasons for the selection of the topic and the scope of the research materials,discusses the necessity and feasibility of reorganizing the study of Qing Dynasty bronze inscriptions on the basis of existing studies in the academic field,and clarifies the scope and meaning of the concepts of "Qing Dynasty" and "bronze inscriptions";the second part reviews the study of Qing Dynasty bronze inscriptions in the academic field since the Republic of China from two aspects: "collation" and "research",and points out some shortcomings in the study of this issue in the academic field.Chapter 1 presents an overview of the study of bronze inscriptions from the Han to the Qing dynasties,with a focus on the Qing dynasty,analyzing the reasons for the flourishing of bronze inscription studies,delineating the academic history of the period,and outlining the characteristics of each period.Chapter 2 divides the Qing bronze inscriptions into five categories:"images""inscriptions""interpretations""dictionaries"and"catalogues".The second chapter divides the Qing bronze inscriptions into five categories:"images""inscriptions""interpretation""dictionaries"and"catalogues"and reviews each of them in terms of book information,inscribed objects,inscription interpretation,and influential achievements.This chapter focuses on the latest materials and research opinions,such as the scholar’s views on the compilation of"Xiqing Shuanjian Yibian(西清续监乙编)"and the analysis,and is also concerned with the more obscure books on bronze inscriptions(such as"Jinshicun(吉金志存)","Jinshibie(金石莂)","Jijinzhi Cun(吉金志存)","Dingtang Jinshichu(鼎堂金石録)",etc.).In addition,this chapter also introduces the"interpretation"and"character book"types of writings that have received insufficient attention from the academic community.Chapter 3 discusses the interpretation of bronze inscriptions by the Qing,starting with an overview of the Qing’s general understanding of the form and nature of the characters,then presenting examples of the interpretation of Qing bronze inscriptions in terms of "achievements and methods" and "errors and causes" respectively.This chapter focuses on the excavation of original materials and points out the correct interpretation opinions that have not been given sufficient attention in the past,such as the characters "Fu捊" and "Qi?" as interpreted by He Shaoji,"卒" as interpreted by Liu Xinyuan,"Zhan战" as interpreted by Yang Yisun,"Jue氒" as interpreted by Yang Du,"Ye冶" as interpreted by Sun Yirang,and "引" as interpreted by Lu Zenxiang etc.In addition,the author has also reinterpreted the words in several inscriptions,inspired by the previous authors.Chapter 4 examines the Qing inscriptional books on bronzes,analyzing the differences between different types of inscriptions and their causes,and introducing the ways in which both "pictorial" and "inscriptional" books represent objects and inscriptions.In addition,this chapter also combines the writings of Qing people in the form of letters and inscriptions to point out the achievements of Qing people’s bronze inscription writings in supplementing the information in the inscriptions,correcting the objects in the depository,and increasing the omissions in the inscriptions,as well as analyzing the shortcomings of Qing bronze inscription books in terms of content errors and repetitive inscriptions on the objects.This chapter adds to the detailed collation of inscriptional material,and adds to the process of deposition of the heirloom group of "Guo Shu travel bells";it also points out the lack of modern scholarly documentation of the Zimei father’s jug and Zheng Yiqiang father’s washbasin,and sorts out the duplicate documentation of the "Zi Bafu Ding Duke".Chapter 5 reviews the study of bronzes in the Qing dynasty.Firstly,it introduces the Qing dynasty’s research on bronze dating and domain separation,its methodology,achievements and shortcomings.The second chapter introduces the study of the names of bronze wares,including the examination of the proper names of the wares and the understanding of the phenomenon of hyphenated pronouns.Finally,the achievements and shortcomings of the Qing in the classification of bronze wares are reviewed.Chapter 6 discusses the forgery of bronze inscriptions by Qing people.First of all,an overview of the suspicious inscriptions in the Song Dynasty bronze inscriptions and the forgery and forgery of the inscriptions from the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty.Secondly,the focus on the Qing dynasty,introducing the main locations of forgery,staging,and discussing the forgery method and the identification of forged inscriptions by the Qing people through the actual examples in the published books.Finally,through the inscriptions,letters and other materials to show the recognition and attitude of the Qing people to identify forgeries,and the identification of the methods of the Qing people with examples of forgeries and the identification of contemporary scholars on the inscriptions recorded in the Qing Dynasty.The attached catalogue is divided into four parts.The first is an overview of the interpretation of bronze inscriptions in the Qing Dynasty,in which the inscriptions are used as a unit to organize the interpretation of bronze inscriptions in the Qing Dynasty,with the aim of presenting a comprehensive picture of the interpretation of bronze inscriptions in the Qing Dynasty and providing a convenient access for the academic community.Appendix II is a preliminary compilation of Wu Yun’s "Two Hundred Lanting Zhai Zhong and Ding Inscriptions" in the National Library,which first corresponds the inscription copy with the modern publication number and transfers the contents of the manuscript into an electronic copy,with explanations of the annotations and modifications in the manuscript.