| The special era background endows Shunzhi Coin(“顺治通宝”)with rich cultural connotation and variety.This paper will conduct a comprehensive study from the perspective of cultural relics research,based on years of experience in practical experience research and the advantages of multidisciplinary numismatics,focusing on the interpretation,utilization and protection of the historical value of Shunzhi coins.It aims to solve practical problems,and at the same time,based on a special topic of coins,try to interpret some methods of research and identification of coins and cultural relics from a theoretical perspective and to provide an example for numismatic research.The first part of this paper focuses on the problem of the reasons for the continuous change of Shunzhi’s coin designs.It divide the process of Shunzhi’s coin issuing into four periods by taking the time node of the change of coin style as a clue,and combines dozens of archives to dynamically observe and evaluate the changing political situation,currency policy,taxation,currency crisis and crisis resolution,attempting to discuss the internal relationship between the expression of the circulating value of Shunzhi’s coin and the weight of money,the government’s acquisition of seigniorage tax and the monopoly of seigniorage,and the influence of seigniorage technology(especially anti counterfeiting technology)on the circulation of money.In the second part of the paper,we focus on the casting location and date of coins.Determining the real casting time and place of origin of a coin is directly related to the scientific basis for the use of its cultural relics.The official literature of the Qing Dynasty,represented by the"清三通",are of significance in exploring the opening process of local mints during the Shunzhi period,but there are also many mistakes in the record Based on the discovery of real objects and dozens of archives,combined with relevant historical events,the article sorted out the opening and closing process of 27 money bureaus in Shunzhi period.While highlighting the historical research value of coin relics,it also puts forward some thoughts on how to objectively evaluate the official literature of the Qing Dynasty from a micro perspective.In the study of specific casting time and place of origin of various Shunzhi coin.This article comprehensively uses the research methods of archaeology,scientific and technological archaeological technology,history,statistics,big data application and other disciplines,and takes the physical discovery as the clue to research the varieties of unknown origin and casting date,so as to basically improve the space-time positioning of the main varieties,highlight the important value of archive historical materials,scientific and technological archaeological technology,and database application,and interpret the scientific connotation of coins and cultural relics in the form of evidence chain.The third part of this paper focuses on the development trend of coin collection and the problem of counterfeiting.The market price is the currency expression of coin collection value and cultural value,and also another way to understand ancient coins.This article continuously observe and analyze the auction records of several representative varieties of Shunzhi coins from 2010 to 2019.It reflects the development trend of the collection market and the rising trend of the current national economic development.Understanding of coin counterfeiting and its development law is one of the prerequisites for optimizing the technology of distinguishing counterfeits.Based on the history of coin counterfeiting,this paper divides the development process of counterfeiting by stages from a technical perspective,and summarizes the counterfeiting characteristics and changing laws of each period.For the newly emerging advanced counterfeits,based on the data accumulation of 335 counterfeits in Shunzhi coin Database and the real counterfeiting process,the article analyzes the "precision casting advanced counterfeits" with significant scientific and technological counterfeiting characteristics,and explores the weaknesses of traditional methods to identify counterfeits on this basis.The fourth part of the article focus on the application of scientific and technological detection methods in the identification of counterfeit Shunzhi coin.Limited to sensory identification,it is difficult for traditional methods to form technical barriers to modern counterfeiting,and it is difficult to guarantee the objectivity of the conclusion.In the diversified part of Scientific archaeological techniques and methods,the article tries to introduce mature applications in Scientific and Technological Archaeology,such as X-ray fluorescence analysis(XRF),Scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrum analysis(SEM-EDX),and X-ray perspective imaging,into the identification of advanced forgery of Shunzhi Coins from three perspectives: 1)identification of alloy components of coins,2)identification of chemical components of corrosion,and3)identification of substrate structure,It also demonstrates the principle and applicability of the method through actual cases of identification of forgeries,aiming to expand the boundaries of traditional method by means of information extraction beyond the senses,and promote the cross integration of scientific and technological archaeological technology and coin research.The fifth part of the paper focuses on the two types of Shunzhi coin database.The one is Comprehensive Information Database of Forgery.Traditional methods mostly depends on practical experience of appraisers,while the reliability of experience and the positivity of identification conclusions are often difficult to guarantee.The establishment of comprehensive information big data of counterfeit samples based on the database can not only provide reliable basis for the identification of counterfeits,but also help to organically integrate different methods of identification of counterfeits and also can improve the efficiency of identification of counterfeits.With the increasing number of counterfeit information records,it can not only greatly reduce the survival space of the counterfeit,but also gradually reduce the dependence on experience and memory.The other one is Comprehensive Information Database of real shunzhi coin,based on the advantages of long-term practice accumulation,has been established with a full range of types,multiple versions and multiple information dimensions.The database had 800 samples,which covering all 71 varieties found,Data dimensions include: Basic information,Images,Category,Diameter and weight,Finding information,and Alloy composition.The establishment of Shunzhi coin database can not only meet the needs of its own research and identification of forgeries,but also provide a preset example for the construction of the China Coin Relics Database,which to be established in the future.This research is both staged and tentative,and mistakes are inevitable.it is hoped that it can play a role in attracting more people of insight to pay attention to Coin Research and Research on anti forgery,so as to promote the development of the coin cause. |
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