| The concept of mass and people’s literature and art refers to the ideological awareness of the Chinese academic community in modern times regarding the relationship between literature and art and the people,as well as the characteristics and significance of mass literature and art or people’s literature and art.From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century,when China underwent a cultural transformation in modern society,the popularization of literature and art gradually advanced,and the concept of popular literature and art also received corresponding attention,such as Xinmin literature and art,civilian literature and art,and national literature and art,which were successively proposed for discussion.After the May 4th New Culture Movement,the popularization of literature and art became more vigorous,and the concept of popularization of literature and art continued to undergo historical changes that kept pace with the times.The CPC introduced the Marxist people’s literature and art thought,and the common people’s literature and art concept was promoted to the people’s literature and art concept,forming a transmutation and development trend of the intertwined and integrated popular people’s literature and art concept.The historical process of the evolution and development of the popular people’s literary and artistic concepts in China has adapted to the requirements of the times for the transformation and development of modern society and culture in China,presenting periodic historical changes and innovative development,reflecting the characteristics of the times in different historical periods,as well as different era connotations and significance values,which are worthy of historical and systematic observation and understanding.During the period of cultural transformation in China’s modern society,the reformist concept of "Xinmin Literature and Art" was first formed.During the period from the Opium War to the May 4th Movement,reformists proposed the idea of "new literature and art for the new people",gradually establishing the ideological concept of "new people literature and art"."Xinmin Literature and Art" marks the popular turn of modern literature and art.It takes the popular innovation of literary and artistic forms as a means,pays attention to the promotion of vernacular Chinese,reflects the popular orientation of literary and artistic aesthetics,has a positive significance to adapt to the requirements of the development of the times,and reflects the modern new changes in the "popular" consciousness.At the same time,this literary and artistic concept still follows the tradition of literary and artistic enlightenment of "literature carries the Tao",including the elite consciousness of reformists,and has certain limitations of the times.During the May 4th New Culture Movement,the concept of "civilian literature and art" of Enlightenment was gradually constructed.During the May 4th Movement,the enlightenment intellectuals vigorously advocated new literary concepts such as "human literature","national literature",and "civilian literature",which became an important component of the enlightenment cultural trend."Civilian literature and art" is oriented towards mass enlightenment,embodying the enlightenment spirit of "establishing human beings",including humanitarian care for the civilian population;The revolution in vernacular literature has promoted the transformation of literary and artistic forms,reflecting the direction of the popularization of linguistic and artistic forms.The concept of "civilian literature and art" also has contradictions and conflicts with practical requirements.Some enlightenment intellectuals regard the people as ignorant masses and uphold the traditional elite consciousness of "transforming the masses",which makes this civilian literature and art not truly reach the civilian masses,but faces the reality of "niche" acceptance of literature and art.This is a modern problem that is imbalanced between the concept of popular literature and art practice.During the left-wing literary and artistic movement in the 1930s,a "popular" literary and artistic concept targeting the masses of workers and peasants was formed.With the rising tide of the left-wing revolutionary movement,it is necessary to arouse the broad masses of workers and peasants to join the revolutionary movement.Under the influence of Marxist class struggle and proletarian revolutionary theory,the left-wing literary and artistic movement that meets the requirements of the times has flourished.The characteristic of the left-wing literary and artistic movement is to promote the "popularization" of literature and art.The concept of popularization of literature and art during this period has a clearer awareness of the masses of workers and peasants and a revolutionary connotation.It raises the important issue of the popularization of literary and artistic forms and the popularization of writers,opening a new stage in literary and artistic theory and criticism from "popularization" to "popularization".In the 1930s and 1940s,during the development of the new democratic revolution,the concept of "people’s mass literature and art" and its development direction were further established.Mao Zedong’s "Speech at the Yan’an Literature and Art Symposium" systematically elaborated the idea of literature and art serving the people,first of all for the workers,peasants,and soldiers.This concept of literature and art originated from the people’s literary and artistic thought of Marxism Leninism,reflecting the requirements of the popularization and nationalization of the construction of new democratic culture.The concept of "people’s literature and art for the masses" has unprecedentedly highlighted the dominant position of the workers,peasants,and soldiers.It also reflects the consistency between literature and art serving the people and the revolutionary cause,embodies the organic unity of literature and art popularization and people’s politics,and marks a new direction for the development of mass literature and art.In the process of construction and development after the founding of New China,the concept of "people’s literature and art" has undergone a relatively tortuous and complex evolution.In the early days of the founding of New China,the Party and the state put forward the concept of "people’s literature and art" more clearly.However,due to the influence and interference of the extreme left ideological trend,the theoretical concepts and practical development of "people’s literature and art" have emerged as being too politicized,dogmatic,and divorced from the people.In the new period of reform and opening up,under the guidance of the "two for" policy of literature and art serving the people and socialism,the theoretical concept and practical development of "people’s literature and art" have returned to the correct track,which further reflects the progressiveness and broad popularity of "people’s literature and art",and advances the development of people’s literature and art to a new historical stage.After the 1990s,under the background of China’s market economic reform and the rise of popular culture,the concept of "popular literature and art" oriented by cultural consumption has developed rapidly.Popular literature and art oriented to the consumer market fully meets the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the broad masses of the people,and has positive significance and value.This concept of "mass literature and art" is different from the past,which mainly regarded the people as the object of enlightenment and education.It attaches more importance to the dominant position of the people in the development of the cultural industry and cultural consumption,and attaches importance to the right of the people to obtain aesthetic entertainment and spiritual and cultural enjoyment from mass literature and art consumption.On the other hand,the "three vulgarity" phenomena in the development of popular literature and art,such as vulgarity,vulgarity,and kitsch,have also attracted people’s full attention,requiring that necessary criticism and correct guidance be given through strengthening popular literary criticism.The "people centered" literary and artistic orientation in the new era fully embodies the dialectical development of the concept of "mass-people literature and art".The "people centered" literary and artistic orientation encompasses the universal requirements of various forms of literature and art,ranging from thematic literature and art,high-quality literature and art,to popular literature and art.The people’s literature and art in today’s era is required to face the broadest masses of the people,meet the people’s multifaceted spiritual and cultural needs,and reflect the dialectical unity of the development of the people’s literature and art,which is progressiveness and mass,group and individual,theme and diversity,meeting the consumption needs of the masses and leading the people’s spiritual values,And the dialectical unity of popularization and decentralization in the production and dissemination of literature and art.The concept of "people’s literature and art" in today’s era has a richer connotation,reflects the characteristics of the new era,and plays an important leading role in the development of contemporary literature and art.In general,the concept of popular literature and art in China gradually formed in the process of cultural transformation and development in modern society,adapting to the requirements of the times of improving society and enlightening the masses,and then gradually evolved and transformed into the concept of people’s(people’s)literature and art in the process of the people’s democratic revolution,and achieved new development in the socialist era.In the process of market economy reform,another cultural consumption oriented mass literary and artistic form and its literary and artistic concepts have emerged,forming a complex and interwoven situation with the past people’s literary and artistic concepts.After a period of historical evolution,this mass people literary and artistic concept gradually moves towards a dialectical development of interwoven integration.The historical evolution of the concept of "mass people" literature and art over the past century has accumulated rich historical experience.Through reflection and summary of this historical experience,it is conducive to promoting the better development of contemporary people’s literature and art. |
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