Research On National Governance Models From The Perspective Of Practical Reason

The practical reason is the intrinsic logical basis of human practical activities.As a perspective of national governance,practical reason involves a conceptual grasp of the "ought-to-be" way of human existence,addressing the question of "how" national governance "ought to be." From the perspective of practical reason,national governance is a special social practice activity process at a certain stage of development of human civilization,with the nation as the main body of practice,the ideal of human survival as the ultimate goal,and national power as a tool,objectifying the transformation of public affairs.In this process,practical reason drives the transformation of national governance models through its internal tensions: ideal and reality,value rationality and instrumental rationality.From the perspective of the historical development of practical reason thought,it is precisely under the action of these two tensions that the Western national governance model has experienced rule forms,management forms,and good governance forms.Currently,China’s national governance is facing complex and intricate challenges of tradition,modernity,and post-modernity.Therefore,it is necessary to reshape national governance rationally from the dimension of practical reason.This article takes Marx’s practical reason as the theoretical basis,the history of the concept of Western practical reason and the evolution of national governance models as the objects of analysis,and reflects on the deep root causes of the "crisis of modernity" in the process of modernization of Western national governance by analyzing the logical connections and interactive laws between the two;with a focus on explaining the unified framework of "ideal and reality,tool and value" of Marx’s practical reason,to achieve the unity of universality and particularity,rationality of purpose and means,historicity and reality,reflectivity and constructivity in the reconstruction of national governance rationality,and to provide theoretical support and ideas for the modernization process of China’s national governance.This article believes that under the framework of Marx’s practical reason,the unity of opposites between "value rationality" and "instrumental rationality" reflects the contradictory relationship between "for-me" and "I-for" in value relations.Under the condition of private ownership,there exists a profound contradiction and conflict between the two.Only in the "realm of freedom" where "man" becomes the "unity of purpose and means" can this contradiction be resolved.The "realm of freedom" is the ideal form of future society.However,the realization of this ideal is a long and complex process that requires humanity to use the power of practical reason to exert human subjectivity between "necessity" and "freedom," to accelerate the progress of this process.Based on this analysis,this article proposes that solving the difficult problem of modernization of China’s governance requires handling the relationship between "individual subjectivity" and "collective subjectivity," the relationship between "idealism" and "utilitarianism," the relationship between "prosperity" and "commonality," and the relationship between "rule of virtue" and "rule of law."...