| The exploration and practice of the road of agricultural cooperation has been carried out throughout the CPC’s more than 100 years of struggle.After the founding of PRC in 1949,the CPC united and led the Chinese people,on the basis of completing the tasks left over from the democratic revolution and restoring the national economy,to politically mobilise the countryside and,on the basis of the principles of voluntariness and mutual benefit,exemplary performance and state assistance,to promote the establishment of mutual-aid groups,primary societies and high-level societies,and to adopt the transitional form from low-level to high-level.With the transition from lower to higher levels,the cooperative agricultural movement was carried out on a broader level and in a wider region.The cooperative agricultural movement not only made it possible to complete the transformation of the main means of production,such as land,from individual private ownership to socialist collective ownership,but also promoted the socialist transformation of handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce,and pushed forward the transition from New Democracy to socialism,and from a large agricultural country to a large industrial country.Through this movement,the CPC completed the transformation of traditional rural society,trained a large number of grass-roots management personnel,changed the traditional mode of administration in rural society,established the Party’s leadership authority and ruling order,and opened a new period of comprehensive socialist construction.The first chapter is the introduction.As a populous agricultural province,Shandong’s agricultural cooperative movement is a microcosm of national agricultural cooperative movement.In this microcosm,Shandong’s agricultural cooperative movement is endowed with unique natural geographic and humanistic conditions,especially the historical initiative exerted by the deep-rooted red genes,which has led to its relatively rapid development and obvious results,and can be said to be a typical province of the agricultural cooperative movement.As we all know,taking the region as the centre can not only maintain the integrity of the case narrative and highlight the characteristics of the local agricultural cooperative movement,but also can be used as a breakthrough point through micro-analysis to further excavate the details in the process of agricultural cooperative,so as to see through the whole agricultural cooperative movement.Guided by the position,viewpoints and methods of Marxism,this paper makes comprehensive use of various methods such as the historical research method and the documentary research method,and on the basis of collecting and arranging the archives of the Party committees and governments at the central,provincial,municipal and county levels,the press,compilations of relevant documents,compendiums of historical materials,major statistics and other primary sources,the paper systematically discusses the movement of agricultural co-operativeisation in Shandong in the early period of the founding of PRC,analyses its process,characteristics and effectiveness,and summarises its experiences and insights.It analyses the process,characteristics and effectiveness of the movement,and summarizes its experiences and insights,with a view to providing relevant reference for further developing the road of agricultural cooperation under the conditions of the new era,so as to write a new chapter of rural revitalisation with "strong agriculture,beautiful countryside and rich peasants".Specifically,the text is divided into eight chapters:The first chapter is the introductory part.This chapter mainly introduces the basis and significance of the topic selection,the current research status of scholars at home and abroad on the agricultural cooperative movement as well as on the agricultural cooperative movement in Shandong,the research idea of the thesis and the research methodology adopted in the process,and at the same time,it indicates the innovations and shortcomings of the thesis.The introductory part lays the foundation for the writing of this thesis.The second chapter is to go back to history and explore the theoretical and practical roots of the emergence of the Shandong agricultural cooperative movement.The Shandong Agricultural Cooperative Movement is a great rural transformation movement under the leadership of the CPC,and contains a deep theoretical and practical foundation,in which the relevant ideas of the classic Marxist writers,the CPC,and the Qilu culture provide its theoretical support.The cooperative agricultural movement in the USSR and Socialist countries of Eastern Europe,the mutual assistance and cooperation movement in agricultural production led by the CPC during the democratic revolution,the old tradition of labor mutual aid in Shandong countryside.Through the in-depth excavation of theoretical resources and practical deposits,we can provide a corresponding basis for the development of the following chapters.The third chapter examines the historical background of the emergence and development of the agricultural co-operative movement in Shandong.It mainly analyses and introduces the political,economic,ideological and social situation in various parts of Shandong before and after the founding of New China.By analysing the historical background of the movement’s development,the historical inevitability of the development of the agricultural cooperative movement is thus revealed.The fourth chapter is a systematic tracing of the development of agricultural production mutual aid groups in Shandong.Shandong Agricultural production mutual aid group have gone through the process of establishment,development,rectification and improvement.Under the leadership of the Party and the government,a series of operational measures have been taken in Shandong Province to promote the consolidation and development of mutual assistance groups,from the temporary seasonal simple mutual assistance at the beginning,to the low-level organization form of perennial changes to permanent mutual assistance,combined with the organization form of sidings and technologies.The fifth chapter mainly traces the establishment and development of primary agricultural production cooperatives in Shandong.Shandong’s primary agricultural production co-operatives have gone through the process of trial operation at each level,development in batches,rectification and consolidation,and their principles of distribution and management system were in line with the development of the rural productive forces at that time,and they were an inevitable choice for the transition of the rural society from New Democracy to socialism,demonstrating their great superiority.At the same time,under the leadership of the CPC and the Government,all parts of Shandong have actively introduced policies and measures in the light of specific realities,so that the primary agricultural production cooperatives are moving forward on the right track.The sixth chapter focuses on the emergence of advanced agricultural production cooperatives in Shandong.Shandong’s advanced agricultural production co-operatives have gone through the stages of trial operation,rectification and consolidation,and climax respectively.However,with the rapid development of cooperation,a series of new problems arose.Under the leadership of the CPC and the Government,in the process of consolidation and problem solving,the social change of transforming the private ownership of the means of production by individual peasants into the socialist collective ownership of the labouring masses was realised in all parts of Shandong.Compared with the primary societies,the senior societies were not only large in scale,had a wide range of business operations,a wide range of production content and a high level of technology,but also,since the land and other major means of production were collectively owned,implemented a distribution system that was entirely based on remuneration for work,and were collective economic organisations of a completely socialist nature.In other words,the widespread establishment of high-level agricultural production cooperatives throughout the province marked the triumphant completion of the socialist transformation of Shandong’s agriculture.The seventh chapter is a general assessment of the agricultural co-operative movement in Shandong.In this chapter,the "regional" characteristics of Shandong’s agricultural co-operative movement are sorted out and summarised.In this chapter,the "regional" characteristics of Shandong’s agricultural cooperative movement are sorted out and summed up: as a large population province,the main force of cooperativisation is stronger;as a large agricultural province,the forms of cooperation are more diversified;and as an old revolutionary area,the implementation of policies is stronger.At the same time,the great movement of agricultural co-operation,while affirming its achievements and functions,also summarises the problems and limitations that have arisen during the movement.The eighth chapter summarizes the historical experience of Shandong agricultural cooperative movement,and explores the enlightenment to the development of new agricultural cooperative road in the new era.At present,China has built a well-off society in an all-round way,the basic social contradictions have changed,and the actual situation of rural land issues has undergone new changes.In the new era and new journey,in the process of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization,it is necessary to always adhere to the leadership of the CPC,follow the law of dialectical movement of productive forces and production relations,take safeguarding and promoting the interests of farmers as the fundamental guidance,and firmly grasp the direction of socialist agricultural development of agricultural intensification and scale.In short,the Shandong Agricultural Cooperative Movement is a great practice made by all cadres and masses in Shandong under the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee,Shandong Provincial Party Committee and Provincial People’s Government,and in close connection with the actual situation of the province,and is a vivid portrayal of the Communist Party of China(CPC)’s insistence on putting the people at the centre of its efforts to realize the modernisation of the Chinese style.On the occasion of building a strong socialist modernisation country and realising the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,exploring the theoretical and practical roots of Shandong’s agricultural co-operative movement,examining the historical background of Shandong’s agricultural co-operative movement,tracing the historical lineage of Shandong’s agricultural co-operative movement,analysing its "region" characteristics,then summing up its experiences and revelations,are aimed at providing a basic guideline for the organisation and implementation of the land management on an appropriate scale,and truly providing a basis for the promotion of agricultural rural modernisation. |
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