A Study On The Relationship Between Manchuria’s And Mongolia’s In The Qianlong Dynasty

The Manchu Mongolian relationship was an important link in the ethnic relations of the Qing Dynasty.Before the Qing Dynasty’s entry into the customs territory,the relationship between Manchuria and Mongolia was mainly a political relationship dominated by military alliances and supplemented by marriage.During the reign of Chongde,the relationship between Manchuria and Mongolia had changed from a relatively equal alliance to a relationship between monarchs and ministers.After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs territory,it gradually strengthened the political relationship between monarchs and ministers with Mongolia.With the reign of the Qing Dynasty reaching its peak in the Qianlong Dynasty,the relationship between the Manchurian royal family and the Mongolian princes of foreign vassals had matured.During the reign of Qianlong,while following the patriarchal system,actively adjusted and improved various systems for the foreign vassal Mongols,thereby bringing the relationship between the Manchu and Mongolian sides to a new height.In addition,the long-term and continuous marriage between the Manchus and Mongols has also formed a stable alliance between the Manchus and Mongols.Previous studies of Manchu Mongolian relations in the Qing Dynasty mainly focused on the development of the Ministry of Minority Affairs system,focusing on the containment and control of Mongolia by the Manchu royal family of the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of Mongolian history.While studying the relationship between Manchu and Mongolian from the perspective of Manchu history,focusing on the relationship between Manchu royalty and Mongolian princes from the perspective of the Ministry of Internal Affairs,there is still much room for discussion.Through a systematic review of the "Records of the Qing Dynasty’s Internal Affairs Office" and the "Qing Palace’s Internal Affairs Office Memorials",this article examines the affairs of Mongolia awarded by the Internal Affairs Office during the reign of Qianlong,and further explores the important role of the Internal Affairs Office in the Qing Dynasty’s handling of Manchu Mongolian relations.This article consists of three parts: introduction,text,and conclusion.The introduction mainly introduces the research significance,research status,research methods,and the definition of research objects.The first chapter,as the background of this article,summarizes the relations between Manchu and Mongolia in the early Qing Dynasty and matters related to Mongolian affairs within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.The second chapter examines the matter of rewarding Mongolia at the New Year’s feast held by the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.The Mongolian princes of foreign vassals made a pilgrimage to Beijing on the New Year’s Day,and as a rule,they had two feasts and rewards at the beginning of the first month of the New Year and at the Shangyuan Festival.Every year,at the Xinzheng Feast,the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Minority Affairs jointly agree on the issue of awarding the Mongolian princes to foreign vassals.However,the Guangchu Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs played a leading role in the event of the Xinzheng banquet to reward the foreign vassal Mongols,and the Ministry of Minority Affairs only played an auxiliary role in the event of the banquet to reward the Guangchu Division.The Shangyuan Festival Feast Appreciation is the same as the Xinzheng Feast Appreciation,and the Department of Internal Affairs,in charge of ceremonies,is dominant in the aspect of feasting and appreciating the rites of the foreign Mongols.It is only necessary to cooperate with other institutions such as the Ministry of Minority Affairs Academy.The third chapter examines the issue of rewards for Mongolian tributes held by the Internal Affairs Office."This includes the offerings made by the Mongols of the foreign vassal states,the Inner and Outer Zazak Mongols,and the reception of this tribute by the Guangchu Division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the" discretionary amount of silver "award of satin goods.".It is believed that the equivalent rewards offered by the Mongolian princes to the Guangchu Division of the Internal Affairs Office are more like equivalent exchanges,except that the decision rests with the Manchurian royal family.The fourth chapter examines the three types of rewards that the Ministry of Internal Affairs granted to the Mongols during the siege period,namely,the rewards to the Mongolian princes and their entourages who accompanied the siege,the rewards to the Mongolian princes and their female relatives who prepared the banquet,and the rewards to the Mongols during the siege.I believe that these rewards are more like labor rewards and rewards for the Mongolian princes and ordinary Mongols who participated in the siege.The fifth chapter examines the issue of awarding deer tails and roe deer meat to Mongolian princes and ministers by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.Analyze the rewards related to the Mongolian princes,ministers,imperial concubines,and married princesses.Through this matter,it is discussed how the Mongolian princes stationed in Beijing,the married Princess Ge Ge,the imperial forehead son-in-law,and the Mongolian princes who came to Beijing on New Year’s Day were included in the ruling system as part of the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty.The sixth chapter examines the reward issue of the placement of Erut by the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Beijing.After the pacification of Junggar during the reign of Qianlong,some of the Erut people were sent to Beijing to be rewarded with official positions,and the Internal Affairs Office purchased property for them to live in official houses.This not only supplements the issue of the fate of some of the Uruts after the pacification of Junggar,but also provides a new perspective on the postwar movement of the Uruts.The seventh chapter,During the reign of Qianlong,more and more people married foreign vassal princesses and Ge Ge stationed in Beijing,and related matters were also handled by the Internal Affairs Office.Combining with the regulations and systems of the Ministry of Internal Affairs,this article describes in detail the marriage rituals,dowry and daily necessities,residence in Beijing,property,and funeral affairs of the married princesses of foreign vassals,the married wives and sons-in-law.From the perspective of the Ministry of Internal Affairs,this article reveals more details of the Qing government’s handling of the affairs of marrying foreign vassal princesses,marrying internal concubines,and imperial consorts,with a view to more comprehensively displaying the relationship between the Qing government and Mongolian nobles.In the conclusion section,based on summarizing the main points of the full text,the author summarizes the basic content and characteristics of the awarding of Mongolia by the Qing Dynasty’s Internal Affairs Office during the reign of Qianlong,compares the similarities and differences between the awarding of Mongolia by the Internal Affairs Office and the awarding of Mongolia by the Li Fan Yuan,clarifies the complementary relationship between the two,and further explores the important role of the Internal Affairs Office in the handling of Manchu Mongolian relations by the Qing Dynasty.