| A surveying revolution in Geophysical Prospecting was brought by applying the technology of GPS (Global Positioning System).As the technology uninterrupted growthing and progressing ,it also made a outstanding contribution for the growth of Geophysical Prospecting. GPS satellite technology application indicates in recent years, that satellite positioning technology is able to satisfy all Geophysical Prospecting's requests , it has substituted nearly already routine measuring method, makes the tradition surveying of Geophysical Prospecting technology happened transforming. GPS measurement technology is being used widely to set up survey controlling network and point .it have produced the fine society and economic effect and the effect having arrived at the basis and the guarantee.The GPS technology applies to the geophysical prospecting survey mainly has three ways, namely the GPS static state survey, rapid static positioning and the RTK method survey, each method all has own characteristic and the use scope. For example the static survey way can achieve the very high precision ,but needs to spend the massive time and the expense, and the efficiency is lower, generally uses in the GPS control point build. This article main research how does different GPS measuring technique apply to the geophysical prospecting survey, how increases the measuring accuracy and each method characteristic and the applicable scope.This article started in detail to introduce the GPS principle and the characteristic, rapid static positioning, the RTK method principle and the practical work ways and means, the geophysical prospecting survey characteristic and the request and so on .Then introduced the GPS technology in two big-scale works projects application, namely rapid static positioning in petroleum geophysical prospecting application and RTK technology in sylvite investigation project application. In the rapid static positioning way in the petroleum physical prospecting application, how we has to solve is high grade completes wide range the petroleum prospecting survey duty. Because the petroleum survey line assumes the striation along the line of communication, we first use the static method in each strip to measure on-line has built on the one hand and on the other hand the connected long control network, this control network according to the national D level net build, then carries on the rapid static positioning in these control points foundations, the very good solution rapid static positioning method has executed in wide range measures the quality control question. Through carries on the precision analysis to the gathering mass datas, we thought: In the rapid static positioning the receiver is apart from the datum station distance to be supposed to be smaller than 20km. If the most distant point distance is bigger than 20km, should use the GPS static state locating to execute measured; In order to enable the GPS achievement to transform well to the ground net, generally may choose above 3 to calculate the spot, above 1examines the spot, like this both may guarantee the new old achievement the uniformity, and may maintain the GPS net the original precision; In order to guarantee the entire net the spot position precision is even, gets up calculated generally should evenly distribute in GPS net periphery; According to the rapid static positioning localization pattern solution calculated when baseline vector, requests its vertex (reference point) to have more precise WGS-84 is coordinates, generally may obtain using the GPS control network method; The rapid static positioning localization pattern is suitable to the spot between is away from the relative farther project, and mobile stands from the datum station is away from relatively is farther, may amount to 20kilometers, suits time surveys an greater distance. Regarding measured the line generally along the line of communication build gravity, the magnetometer survey specially suits. In RTK technology in sylvite exploration application, because this project measured the area assumes the rectangular distribution, also measuring point more, the project date request is very tight, we use first build basically can control entire measured the area 12 control points, these control points use on the one hand and on the other hand the connected way build, has met the national D level net precision requirements. Then in order to fast accurate completes the task, we decided uses RTK , uses the science the management, the advanced instrument, in was short 23 days to complete the measuring point 1,290 tasks, the precision had achieved a centimeter level, very good has satisfied the gravity, the magnetometer survey request, has obtained the better economic efficiency. Through the project data analysis and the summary, we thought that ,The GPS-RTK work pattern can satisfy the big area, the massive region gravity, the magnetic method geophysical prospecting survey precision request, can complete the massive measuring points task as soon as possible; The data chain transmission and the data real-time processing is the GPS-RTK technology implementation key, how arranges the modem, the solution reference stands with the mobile inter station signal dissemination and the receive is the question which the user first should consider; The GPS-RTK technology formidable function and the potential not yet fully excavate, with the GIS integration, the real-time control, the synthesis automation work is its hot spot research area, we have the reason to believe it in the related profession application can more wide spread, be thorough.This article through analyzes the GPS rapid static positioning and the RTK technology in the project physical prospecting application example and the data contrast, indicated these two kind of GPS survey technology can very good satisfy the different request the geophysical prospecting survey duty precision request, the big enhancement production efficiency, was the project is fast high grade completes has made the significant contribution. Through the summary project experience, this article thought that, The GPS localization technology has the precision high in the geophysical prospecting domain application, the speed quick, may all-weather work, moreover between the survey station does not need the intervisibility , is opposite to the traditional survey superiority obviously, is basic may substitute for the routine measurement method; GPS controls net the optimized design to be supposed to consider the precision, reliable and the efficient three aspects factors. Most main is the datum selection and the graphic construction optimized design. These two duties full use had the known point, according to the terrain and the survey duty establishment different form control network, has obtained the good effect. Therefore the establishment reasonable, the high grade GPS control network regarding highly effective completes the GPS field work ,guaranteed the measuring accuracy can play the very important role. This article through the project practical application , has confirmed the GPS fast static state method work radius is 20 kilometers, the simple point localization time only needs about 15 minutes, the pointing accuracy can achieve the national D level net the precision request. Obtained the conclusion that the GPS rapid static positioning method specially to be suitable for the big area striation line petroleum geophysical prospecting survey request. This article through the project practical application, obtains the RTK technology to have the speed quickly, the precision is high (can achieve centimeter level) the merit, suits the measuring point quite many surface shape geophysical prospecting investigation survey. Can enhance the efficiency compared to the traditional survey way which3~4 doubles. The geophysical prospecting survey project needs to act according to the duty the characteristic, the time request and the duty quantity choice reasonable survey way, must fully understand the GPS each survey way the work characteristic and can achieve the precision, can maintain quality and quantity completes the physical prospecting survey task.
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