Study On Antennal Sensilla Of Thirteen Species In Oedipodidae (Insecta: Orthoptera) In Northeast With Scanning Electron Microscopy

Antennae are an important part of sense organs for defection, tactile, taste and recept on air current, humidity and temperature and so on. Antennae also play a essential role in selecting food, eating, preventing from danger, seeking mate, and looking for habitat for their offspring. There are more than 1000 species of grasshoppers in China. Hitherto, only 26 species belonging to 22 genera of 6 families of antennal sensilla have been studied. Large amounts of the types of antennal sensilla are still unknown. The research on antennal sensilla is not only the theoretical basic in entomology, but also can provide some new approaches on pest control. The types, numbers and distributions of antennal sensilla were studied in adults of 13 Oedipodidae species in Northeast China using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The aim is to provide evidence in Behavioral Biology, Taxonomy, and Evolution of Oedipodidae.This research is consisted of two parts:(1) The differences of antennal sensilla types, numbers and distribution among Gastrimargus Saussure, Bryodemella Yin, Angaracris, Parapleurus Fisch, Epacromius Uvarov, Mecostethus Fieb, Celes Saussure, Trilophidia Stal, Sphingonotus Fieb.(2)The differences of antennal sensilla types, numbers and distribution among B. Tuberculatumdilutum (Stoll), B. holdereri (Krauss), A. rhodopa, A. barabensis, E. Coerulipes (Ivan), E. tergestinus (Charp), M. grossus L, M. baichengensissp .nov. In conclusion: Thirteen types of antennal sensilla were find in thirteen species of Oedipodidae: trichoid sensilla (I, II), chaetic sensilla (I, II), basiconic sensilla (I, II, III, IV, V), coeloconic sensilla, cavity sensilla, Bohm bristles, sporangium sensilla. There were remarkable differences among different genera of same family, as well as to different species of same genus. The species of Gastrimargus,Angaracris,Sphinggonotus,Mecostethus,Celes had 12 types of antennal sensilla, but the types among them were different. Both Bryodemella and Trilophidia had 13 types of antennal sensilla, but the types among them were also different. Epacromius had 11 types of antennal sensilla, Parapleurus had 10 types of antennal sensilla, the shape, length and radicel diameter had a few differences among different species; Parapleurus had the largest total numbers of sensilla, the number of sensilla of Gastrimargus, Celes, Bryodemella, Epacromius, Mecostethus, Angaracris were all fewer than Parapleurus, Sphinggonotus had the fewest total numbers of sensilla; Trichoid sensilla usually occured exclusively on the few proximal segments, and the scape and pedicel showed the maximum numbers. Chaetic sensilla were observed on nearly all the antennal segments and were most abundant on the terminal segments. Coeloconic sensilla and cavity sensilla had a concentration in the middle to terminal segments. There were few of them on the first several proximal segments. No coeloconic sensilla and cavity sensilla were observed on the scape and pedicel. These sensilla may be olfactory receptors.It was concluded that the types, numbers and distribution of antennal sensilla were important characteristics in classification and identification for different genera and sibling species in Oedipodidae.