| Placenames are the key to indirect geospatial referencing, and also important carriers of history. China is a country with a vast territory and a long history, and the placenames information is extremely rich. The study on spatio-temporal relationships of placenames from ancient to modern helps to reflect the development of local situation, which has an important significance in the fields of history, archaeology and so on. The construction of genealogy GIS needs the support of placenames in different periods, which are the basis of the study on the spatio-temporal distribution and migration for families. The analysis of the spatio-temporal relationships among placenames in genealogies, along with the organization of placenames suited for genealogy GIS, not only meets the needs of genealogy GIS, but also conduces to the expression and mining of spatio-temporal information in genealogy GIS.This paper analyzes the characteristics of placenames in genealogies based on the needs of genealogy GIS, and studies the spatio-temporal relationships among administrative units and settlements beginning with Qin dynasty and ending with the contemporary era, namely, which means geographic and historical fields are taken into account comprehensively. The paper analyzes the spatio-temporal changes of placenames and proposes an object-oriented spatio-temporal modeling framework for placenames; discusses the temporal attributes of placenames, the organization of temporal data, the spatial attributes of placenames and the organization of spatial data; introduces relational database to storage placenames, builds the spatio-temporal database for ancient and modern placenames and provides the display and query of placenames by map. The results of study are as follows:(1) By analyzing three characteristics of placenames macroscopically, which contains space, time and attributes, this paper makes use of object-oriented approach to define placename class, time class, space class and attribute class separately. And these relatively independent classes are combined with each other by inheritance, association, aggregation and so on. The classes and relationships among them form an object-oriented data model for ancient and modern placenames.(2) The paper discusses the temporal attributes of placenames by two aspects. One is time granularity, and the other is expression format. It adopts "year" to record the lifespan of placenames as the smallest unit, summarizes the different ways of counting the years, and provides mapping between different time granularities and different dating systems.(3) In this paper, the spatial data of placenames are organized according to the spatial attributes of administrative units and settlements, and the method to find the accurate location for placenames is also taken into account. In addition, the paper describes hierarchical relationships among places on the basis of analyzing regionalism changes in the history, and discusses the display and query for subjection among placenames.(4) The spatio-temporal database for placenames is designed by the expanded relational database. By querying the placenames in the way of point-based and interval-based, as well as the tracing the history of placenames, the validity of the database model is verified. The paper realizes the visualization of ancient and modern placenames, which shows the distribution and evolution of placenames in different periods.
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