Analysis,Appraisal And Optimization Of Modern Urban Ecosystem

Cities are the centers of mankind gathering and the result that economy, politics, science and technology of human society developed into certain stage. They also are the assembled places of material progress and spiritual civilization. So, it is very important that cities keep benign development in the process of social evolution. However, with the society entering into 21st century, cities are more and more puzzled by their own environment deterioration, exhausted resource, dense population, fresh water crisis and so on. Meanwhile, urban sustainable development is hindered too. So, it is essential to regard cities as ecosystems, and the research of urban ecosystem (UES) becomes a research focus. This also is a new thinking mode of studying city problems from ecology angle.Because the history of UES research is relatively short, a lot of theory and methodology questions are still in stage of probing now. The basic theory frame of UES has not been set up totally yet. Especially the demonstration research is further little. In view of this, after analyzing and appraising USE theoretically, this paper puts forward relevant optimization countermeasures and means. Then, the author combines Kaifeng ecosystem and makes a demonstration research.Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this paper can be divided into five parts:Part I : This part defines the relevant concepts of UES, and summarizes and explains briefly the research progress of UES at home and abroad. Then, the author finds out the problems of the present UES study and the study points of this article.Part II :This part introduces the element frame of UES given by sociologists, environmentists and the author. Then, the author summarizes the main characteristics of UES and proposes several kinds of UES structure, such as food chain structure, resources utilization chain structure, the life ?environmentinteraction structure and space element constitute structure. Finally, this part explains that the UES exerts production, consumption and reduction functions by energy flow, material cycle and information transmission.Part III: Based on the appraisal content and purpose of UES, the author proposes the designing principles of the appraisal indexes. Then, this part introduces the common methods (AHP means and main component analysis) of UES appraisal and their steps.Part IV: This part proposes optimization goals and principles of UES and points out that we should optimize UES from the following three kinds of ways: popularizing and raising the ecological consciousness of the citizen, coordinating the relations between UES sub-systems and designing and implementing urban ecological engineerings.Part V: Based on the analysis of Kaifeng's natural, social and economic sub-systems, this paper appraises Kaifeng ecosystem from two angles (present colligation development and dynamic change of fifteen years). Next, the author points out the countermeasures of Kaifeng ecosystem optimization. At last, this paper designs several ecological engineerings for us to use in Kaifeng ecosystem optimization.