Studies On Extraction, Isolation, Identification And General Toxicity Of Total Alkaloids Of Gelsemium

In these studies, gelsemium were obtained from suburb YuLin city, Guangxi province .The gelsemium total alkaloids which were the main toxicity constituents of the plant were extracted, isolated , identified .Acute toxic and subchronic tests on mice were further studied. The experiment established foundation of production and application of poisonous plant Gou-Wen.The results showed as follows:1 Extraction of gelsemium total alkaloids. Total alkaloids were extracted with 95 per cent ethanol. The extract rate was 0.519 per cent and the extract purity were 88.02 per cent(extracted by chloroform) and 87.38 per cent (extracted by ethyl acetate); Total alkaloids were extracted with chloroform .The extract rate was 0.416 per cent and the extract purity were 89.02 per cent(extracted by chloroform) and 94.52 per cent (extracted by ethyl acetate).2 Isolation of gelsemium total alkaloids with TLC(thin layer chromatography). Total alkaloids contained five or more alkaloids. The optimal developing agent was chloroform :methanol :ethyl acetate(9:l:0.3),the optimal eluent was methylene chloride (MC):methanol(92:8).3 Isolation of total alkaloids with column chromatography. Alkaloid A and alkaloid B were obtained, alkaloid B was identified as koumine. Alkaloid A might be gelsemine.4 Actue toxic test of total gelsemium on mice. Its intraperitoneal LDsotmedian lethel) value of total gelsemium was 7.38mg/kg(the confident limit on 95 per cent level was 6.67mg/kg ~ 7.94mg/kg).Main clinical symptoms of acute toxified mice were reducing activities, crouching, depression on low dosage (<5mg/kg) and dyspneic respiration, convulsion, clonicity even death on median or high dosage (>5mg/kg).5. Subchronic toxic test of gelsemium total alkaloids on mice. There were no significant difference (p>0.05) between control group and test groups treated with total alkaloids in WBC,DC,MCH and viscera coefficient .RBC trended to increase with gelsemium total alkaloid dosages increasing .There were no statistics difference (p>0.05).There were no pathological damage of total alkaloid on mice by macroscopical and microscopical examining.