Study On The Loss And Degradation And Sustainable Countermeasures Of The Coastal Wetlands In China

The Coastal wetlands are important ecosystems between land and sea ecosystems, which provide important habitats for fish and wildlife, maintain the coastal biological diversity. Coastal delta, tidal flat, marine marsh, mangrove wetland, lagoon and sand beach are the main types of the coastal wetlands of China. Now the coastal wetlands of China are confronting serious threaten of wetland loss and eco-environmental deterioration. Land reclamation, city and port development, pollution, coastal erosion, oil and gas exploitation, excessive use of coastal biologic resource and sea-level rise are considered as the main environmental forcing factors to the degradation of coastal wetlands. The effects of environmental pressure factors and the degrees of the environmental degradation of coastal wetlands are different from each other. According to matrix factor analysis and landscape ecological analysis, the loss and degradation of coastal wetlands are valued quantificationally. Human impact is the main cause attributing to this degradation and natural factors' effects often become more serious working together human's activities.Based on the analysis the main factors contributing to coastal wetlands' loss and degradation and the characteristics of wetland degradation, sustainable countermeasures are suggested in this paper.