Study On The Device Of Kitchen Food Garbage Disposal

With the improvement of living condition, People face more and more municipal household refuse .a lots accumulated waste takes large land and pollutes ground water .these badly damage environment and human health .Now, as the structure change of living , food garbage has taken a important position of waste . On the one hand, food garbage has high water-holding, low caloric value, easily rotten .On the other hand , it contains rich nutritional element, can become valuable resources. Now, human have pay attention to these characters. Many developed countries such as Canada, Japan have taken effective measure to deal with waste .for example, they pass law and encourage public to take part in it For our government has still searched for methods to manage trash and aimed at resource and minimum amount. As a principle of minimum amount . The paper briefly introduced the methods that still be utilized to deal with the food garbage. Because in our country, waste is mixed collection and garbage is not classified, so all refuse be disposed as general method. First, landfill, it operates easily and treats many types waste, But it needs an enormous amount money and wide land, furthermore it causes leachate, pollutes ground water and does not realize resource .the second, burning, burning waste at high temperature. it can swift reduce municipal household refuse and the waste heat can provide generation and heat energy .But it contains much food garbage and decrease the caloric value , So it increase the cost. third , composting, a good way for food garbage, hold heavy metals that can enter organic fertilizer. if people absorbed the food which breed by this kind of fertilizer. then it will hurt human .the last, feedstuff, for not having a good sanitation condition, it give birth to many bacteria and do harm to livestock and people . So it is a urgent task to seek a appropriate technique to dispose food garbage .According to the characters of food garbage ,the paper design a new device—kitchen food garbage disposal. the machine makes it become true that people can remove kitchen garbage at home. it has many virtues of cutting down easily-rotten organic rubbish, improving environmental quality , treating refuse more easily. it has economical and social benefit.After discussing the significance of designing food garbage disposal, the paper analyses the feasibility of the device. A question whether or not the debris would jammed the drain is proposed. The experiments that correlation departments do show the density of grain be crushed is lighter than water' s. then the grains will float on the surface of water. Moreover, As the sewage flows at the rate of 0.6m/s, the grant can enter the sewage treatment plant. overseas practices proved that applied the machines widely were not jammed the drains. However, due to different circumstance, many problems are still waiting for solution .for instance, whether people could accept it.The paper explains the theory firstly , when cutters rotate at high speed, the rubbish is not move at the same time ,then cause a speed difference ,adding the effect of centrifugal force , the waste bring a different direction from the cutter, then , the machine promptly turns the garbage into 3~5mm grain, depending on inner-cutter, end-cutter and swing-cutter act together. waste entry, crush cavity, motor and discharge exit are constitute the machine .In crush cavity, there have all kinds of cutters implementing smash. the motor affords energy for the kitchen food garbage disposal, the motor and cutters are crucial parts, so the paper mainlydiscusses them .Through analysing mechanical, the article figures out liquid resistance and liquid pressure; By experiment, we obtain resistance of trash when it be smashed .On the basis of analysis, the paper selects lCrl3 as material to machining cutter and does intensity test . Compared lCrl3 with 9Crl8 that be used to similar overseas production, Under the circumstances of meeting condition , the material , lCrl3, has the merits of economy and operation easy it is suitable for our country . because the garbage in our country own different rigid and stickiness, so the cutter is made up by fasten-cutter* swing-cutter and rotation cutters .They act together to finish the crush .In this paper, electric machine has features that it star frequency and work intermittence. for it is crucial for the device ,so it is important to choose a appropriate motor .Now ,we decide to apply permanent magnet direct current motor, the model is ZYT104/12,the following is the technique data: revs, 3000r/min ;power,370W; voltage, 220V; weight, 3Kg the magnetic pole of permanent magnet direct current motor is a permanent magnet material (or add iron-magnet material) ,it is excellent in simple structure, small volume* powerful output and high efficiency .Another unique design in this article is control circuit . In order to correct the similar production's deficiency and convenience buyer's appliance , we add it . the function of this circuit is push the start button ,then ,the machine begin work ,after 1 —3 minutes , it will be stopped automatically and turn off the power . there are three positions chosen, each position means different time , thus, the buyer can apply it freely. The circuit use CH7555 which is single stabilization circuit.the parts model is :Relay: JQX-13 technique data is voltage, 2V; Resistance,500 O transformer1 technique data is : voltage, 220V;frequence,50 Hz; output alternating current voltage, 12V. commutated-bridge is PB206M .The paper finished all design drawings by application XP software of CAXA electronic-drawing , machined by outer production. Twenty-nine detail drawings is put in appendix .Finally , for the device, we do a simple experiment. The intention is to test whether the machine can smash the garbage to 3mm ~ 5mm rapidly and measure consumption of water and electricity. The result show that: the machine reach the design demand ,if you own it ,you will pay out 0.6 REM each month and 7.2 REM each year . it can enter home and be accept by people.In this paper , Compared to foreign machine , the device, Under the circumstances of meeting conditions , all select average material and motor made in our country . improve crush efficiency through alter the structure of combination cutters , then ,decrease the cost .in addition ,the article add a unique design of control circuit, it can help consumer use it better.As a new thing ,it need the help of government that it is accepted by people and enter home widely . But with the improvement of environment consciousness and participant enthusiasm, kitchen food garbage disposal must have a beautiful future .