Research Of The New Chemiluminescence Methods In Environmental And Pharmaceutical Analysis

This present thesis was composed of two parts, including reviews and research papers.Part I - Reviews of applications of chemiluminescence in environmental and pharmaceutical analysisThe applications of chemiluminescence (CL) in environmental and pharmaceutical analysis were reviewed with 183 references concerning chemiluminescence during 2000 ~ 2006 year.Part II - Research reportsCombined with chromatography and flow injection techniques, luminol-dissolved oxygen and luminol-periodate CL systems were used to determine toxic and organic species in environmental and pharmaceutical samples. The main contents were shown as follows:1. It was found that chlorogenic acid could obviously inhibit the CL generated from luminol and dissolved oxygen in alkaline medium. The decrease of CL intensity was linear with chlorogenic acid concentration in the range from 1.0 ng·mL~-1 to. 100 ng·mL~-1 (R2= 0.9978) offering a detection limit as low as 0.33 ng·mL~-1{3σ). At a flow rate of 2.0 mL·min~-1, one analysis cycle including sampling and washing, could be accomplished in20 s with a relative standard deviation of less than 5% (n = 5). The method was applied successfully to determine chlorogenic acid in pharmaceutical preparations, human serum without any pretreatment procedure, with recovery from 95.8% to 105.5%.2. A selective and sensitive CL flow injection method for the determination of lead (II) was described in this paper. The analytical reagents involved in CL reaction, including luminol and periodate, were both immobilized on an anion exchange column. The CL signal produced by the reaction between luminol and periodate, which were eluted from the column through water injection, was enhanced in the presence of lead (II). The increment of CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of lead (II), giving a calibration graph over the concentration from 0.1 to 100.0 ngmL"1 (R2= 0.9993) with the limit of detection of 30 pgmL"1 (3cx). At a flow rate of 2.0 mL-min'1, a complete determination of lead (II), including sampling and washing, could be performed in 0.5 min with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.0%. The proposed procedure was applied successfully to the determination of lead (II) in gasoline, water and human serum samples without any pre-treatment process. The proposed method offered reagentless procedures and remarkable stability for determining lead (II), and could be reused over 80 h.3. A new CL method for determination of berberine hydrochloride with flow injection technique was developed. It was found that berberine hydrochloride could inhibit the CL generated from luminoL-periodate system in alkaline medium. The decrement of CLintensity was proportional to the concentration of berberine hydrochloride. The decrement of CL intensity was linear over the concentration of berberine hydrochloride ranging from 1.0 to 1000 pgmL"1. The detection limit was 0.3 pgmL'1 (3a) with a relative standard deviation of less than 5.0% (n = 7). The proposed method has been applied for the determination of berberine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations with the recovery from 92.0 to 105.0%.4. A flow injection inhibitory CL method using luminol-KIO4 system for the determation of catechol, hydroquinone and resorcinol in water and human serum sample was presented, which was based on the decrement of CL intensity. The decrement of CL intensity was linear over the concentration of catechol, hydroquinone and resorcinol in the range of 0.3 - 100 pgmL"1, 0.3 ~ 50 pgmL"1, 1.0 ~ 10000 pgmL"1, with the limit of detection of 0.15 pgmL"1, 0.1 pgmL"1 (3a), 0.3 pgmL"1, respectively, and relative standard deviations were less than 5.0% (n = 7). The proposed method offered advantages of simplicity, high sensitivity for the determination of catechol, hydroquinone and resorcinol.