Studies On Enrichmented Law Of Heavy Metal Ions In Apples And Using Sugar-beet Residue To Remove The Deleterious Metal Ions From Apple Juice

Some apples' area in our country were polluted badly by heavy metal ions, its dominating causation which leads to heavy metal ions' cumulation in apples is that irrigative water is polluted by industrial waste water.Furthermore, apples can adsorb some heavy metal ions preferentially. We studied on enrichmented law of heavy metal ions in apples and using sugar-beet residue to remove the deleterious metal ions from apple juice, with people's increasing requirement to the fruit juice security, the stricter standard for metal ions and the pre-warning system of apples' safety.especially for the harmful metal ions will be put forward. So, it is necessary to look for a method to get rid of metal ions suited to continuous manufacture.The thesis' disquisitive contents are: the enrichmented law of heavy metal ions in apples;the generative method of the sulfohydryl sugar-beet fiber;the sulfohydryl sugar beet fiber's capability of static state adsorption and dynamic adsorption for Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺ , Cd²⁺, As²⁺;the effect of adsorption of the sulfohydryl sugar-beet fiber on heavy metal ions in apple juice. Consequently, we can provide theoretics-gist and data- sustain for apples' safe production.The results of the work were listed as follows:(1)The change of heavy metal ions' contents is distinct in the soil of social in-effects of pollution. Thereinto, the content's range of Cd²⁺ is in evidence compare to others, its aberrance- coefficient is 38.89%, the content's range of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cr²⁺ take second place, and theirs aberrance-coefficient are 34.20%, 30.30%, 25.58% respectively, the content's range of As²⁺ is the least, and its aberrance-coefficient is22.26%,which show that heavy metal ions' contents in various samples are different.(2)The polluted degree of As²⁺ is the most grievous in above 4stirps of heavy metal ions, The polluted degree of Cd²⁺ take second place, and theirs average polluted exponents are 0.65 and 0.60 respectively, the rest are on the small side. But the general polluted exponent of heavy metal ions in the orchard is less than 1, the quality of soil in the orchard accords with state standard, nevertheless, some edaphic amples' pollutedexponents have the trend to 1. Therefor the culturist should pay attention to the pollution of heavy metal ions.(3) the contents of Cu2"\ Pb2+% As2+ in apples are different observably, the maximal content is 3.2⁶.7 times as the minimum ones, the contents of Cd2+ is 15.0 times as the minimum one. The collective aberrance-coefficient changes in the rage of 35.94% 75.94%. All apples amples' polluted exponents are less than 1.Herein to, the polluted exponent of Cu2+ is upper correspondingly, the polluted exponent of Pb2+ is lower correspondingly.(4)Apples have different adsorptive ability, the order is:u(Cd2+)>u(Cu2+)>u(As2+) >u(Pb2+), the experimental results showed that Apples have powerful adsorptive ability to Cd2+,but the adsorptive ability to Pb2+ is feeblish.(5) The sugar beet fiber was distilled by chemic method, the factors have different order, which is reaction temperature, hydrochloric acid concentration, stuff ratio, reaction time, stuff granularity. The best condition of grafting reaction was stuff granularity 40 M, reaction temperature 80V, reaction time 160min, stuff ratio 14/1, hydrochloric acid concentration 0.3%.(6) The sugar beet fiber was decolored by H2O2, the decoloring temperature was the most important, H2O2 additive quantity and the decoloring time secondly, pH of liquor lastly, The best condition of technics was H2O2 additive quantity 4%,the decoloring temperature 50 °C, the decoloring time 4h, pH=6.0.(7)The primary and secondary order of the factors among the produnction of SC is: the acidity of reaction-system, the reaction time, the reaction temperature, the stuff ratio, The best condition of reaction conditions was the stuff ratio 5:l(mL/g), the acidity of reaction-system 0.3%, the reaction temperature 50°C, the reaction time 18h,in this condition the most content of SH is 2.0%.(8)The results of the experimentation about SC static state adsorption show that the sulfohydryl sugar beet fiber have better capability to Cu2\ Pb2\ Cd2\ As2+, the adsorption time , the additive quantity of sulfohydryl sugar beet fiber, pH and the adsorption temperature influence adsorption effect completely, especially, pH and the adsorption temperature are more important than others.(9)The adsorption effect increase gradually with the increasing of pH, when pH was 4.0, the adsorption effects were most comparatively, the adsorption effect of Pb + was the best, 82%;its of As2+ was the least, 27.7%, the fitting pH was 4.0;when theadsorption temperatures were 40°C .. 53°C, the cleaning effects on Cu2\ Pb2\ Cd2+ were better with relation to temperature, their maximal rats of adsorption were 87.3% n 93.7% .. 83.4%;when the adsorption time was 80min, the cleaning effects on As was on the small side,its maximal rats of adsorption was 33.8%. the fitting temperature was 40X2.(10)The sulfohydryl sugar beet fiber's static state adsorption action for single hydronium, such as Cu2-\ Pb2+% Cd2\ As2+ ,has better pertinency with Langmuir and Freundlich models, adsorption capability for single hydronium: Pb2+) > Cd2+ >Cu2+ >As2+;the total adsorption capability: Cu2+ >Pb2+ >Cd2+ >As2+,in addition, its adsorption for Cu2+ satisfy with linearity adsorption model.(ll)The sulfohydryl sugar beet fiber's static state adsorption action for mixed hydroniums, such as Cu2+% Pb2+> Cd2+, has better pertinency with Langmuir and Freundlich models accordingly. But dynamic adsorption action for As2+ has bad pertinency with Langmuir and Freundlich models, which show that the other hydroniums influence on the adsorption for As2*, in the mixed liquor, adsorption capability for single hydronium: Cu2+ >Pb2+ >Cd2+ >As2+;the total adsorption capability: Pb2+>Cd2+>Cu2+>As2+.(12)The sulfohydryl sugar beet fiber's dynamic adsorption action for hydroniums is better, its capacitance is great, it can take a long time to approach adsorption balance, adsorption capability for hydronium: Cu2+ >Pb2+ >Cd2+ >As2+,which is consistent with the results of static state adsorption experimentation.(13)Cleaning the hydroniums' saturated adsorption columniations .which dealed with Cu2\ Pb2+> Cd2+andAs2+ liquor whose concentration was 30.0//g/mL, When the velocity of flow in columniations is lO.OmL/min, the cleaning effect is better;when the additive quantity HC1 whose concentration was 0.4mol/L reached 900mL, the cleaning curve trend to mild estate, the rate of cleaning was 45%⁵3%.The regeneration effect of SC was better.(14)The results of the sulfohydryl sugar beet fiber's adsorption effect showed that:(Dthe adsorption temperature 30°C, getting 2.5g SC to deal with 35mL apple juice, in which the hydroniums (Pb2+> Cu2+) concentrations were 0.8 mg/kg and 8.0 mg/kg respectively, the sugar content was 15.3Brix,the sulfohydryl sugar beet fiber got saturation after 5h, its best elimination rats of Cu2+and Pb2+were 84.6% and 74.2% respectively.?the adsorption temperature 30°C,the rage of adsorption time 30¹80min, theelimination rats of Pb2* in apple juice were obvious, the adsorption got saturation after 180min, its best elimination rats of Cu2+and Pb2+were 85.6% and 75.4% respectively;the rage of adsorption time 30³00min, the adsorption velocity of Cu2+ in apple juice were better, the adsorption got saturation after 300min.?ranging between 30 and 65 °C, The sulfohydryl sugar beet fiber's adsorption effect gathered head gradually with the temperature raising. The rate of adsorption effect for Pb2+ changed in evidence in the rage of 30³7°C, adsorption got balance after 37°C.The degree of adsorption took the balance, the adsorption effect of Cu2+ was better than its of Pb2+,the rage of adsorption rats were 79.6%⁹0.5%.(4) hydroniums concentration connected on the adsorption effect in apple juice nearly, when the Pb2+ and Cu2+hydroniumsconcentrations were 0.2 rag/kg and l.Omg/kg respectively, the competition among hydroniums was less owing to low hydroniums concentration, the removal efficiency approximated of adsorption about Pb2+ could get 95.3%. Cu2+could get 97.1%.